DNSSD R. Bellis Internet-Draft ISC Intended status: Standards Track 26 July 2024 Expires: 27 January 2025 DNS Multiple QTYPEs draft-ietf-dnssd-multi-qtypes-03 Abstract This document specifies a method for a DNS client to request additional DNS record types to be delivered alongside the primary record type specified in the question section of a DNS query (OpCode=0). About This Document This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. The latest revision of this draft can be found at https://dnssd- wg.github.io/draft-ietf-dnssd-multi-qtypes/draft-ietf-dnssd-multi- qtypes.html. Status information for this document may be found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-dnssd-multi-qtypes/. Discussion of this document takes place on the DNSSD Working Group mailing list (mailto:dnssd@ietf.org), which is archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/dnssd/. Subscribe at https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnssd/. Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at https://github.com/dnssd-wg/draft-ietf-dnssd-multi-qtypes. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." Bellis Expires 27 January 2025 [Page 1] Internet-Draft DNS Multiple QTYPEs July 2024 This Internet-Draft will expire on 27 January 2025. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1. Multiple QTYPE EDNS Options Format . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.2. Server Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2.1. Request Parsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2.2. Response Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.3. Client Response Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. Introduction A commonly requested DNS [RFC1035] feature is the ability to receive multiple related resource records (RRs) in a single DNS response. For example, it may be desirable to receive the A, AAAA and HTTPS records for a domain name together, rather than having to issue multiple queries. The DNS wire protocol in theory supported having multiple questions in a single packet, but in practise this does not work. In [RFC9619], [RFC1035] is updated to only permit a single question in a QUERY (OpCode=0) request. Bellis Expires 27 January 2025 [Page 2] Internet-Draft DNS Multiple QTYPEs July 2024 Sending QTYPE=ANY does not guarantee that all RRsets will be returned. [RFC8482] specifies that responders may return a single RRset of their choosing. This document provides a solution for those cases where only the QTYPE varies by specifying a new option for the Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS [RFC6891]) that contains an additional list of QTYPE values that the client wishes to receive in addition to the single QTYPE appearing in the question section. A different EDNS option is used in response packets as protection against DNS middleboxes that echo EDNS options verbatim. The specification described herein is applicable both for queries from a stub resolver to recursive servers, and from recursive resolvers to authoritative servers. It does not apply to Multicast DNS queries [RFC6762], which are already designed to allow requesting multiple records in a single query. 2. Terminology used in this document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 3. Description 3.1. Multiple QTYPE EDNS Options Format The overall format of an EDNS option is shown for reference below, per [RFC6891], followed by the option specific data: +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 0: | OPTION-CODE | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 2: | OPTION-LENGTH | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 4: | | / OPTION-DATA / / / +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ OPTION-CODE: MQTYPE-Query (TBD1) in queries and MQTYPE-Response (TBD2) in responses. OPTION-LENGTH: Size (in octets) of OPTION-DATA. Bellis Expires 27 January 2025 [Page 3] Internet-Draft DNS Multiple QTYPEs July 2024 OPTION-DATA: Option specific, as below: +0 (MSB) +1 (LSB) +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 0: | QT1 (MSB) | QT1 (LSB) | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 2: / ... | ... / +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ / QTn (MSB) | QTn (LSB) | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ QT: a (potentially empty) list of 2 byte fields (QTx) in network order (MSB first) each specifying a DNS RR type. The RR types MUST be for real resource records, and MUST NOT refer to pseudo RR types such as "OPT", "IXFR", "TSIG", "*", etc. 3.2. Server Handling 3.2.1. Request Parsing If MQType-Query is received in any inbound DNS message with an OpCode other than QUERY (0) the server MUST return a FORMERR response. A server that receives an MQTYPE-Response option in a query or that receives more than one MQTYPE-Query option MUST return a FORMERR response. If any duplicate QTx is received in the query (or one duplicating the primary QTYPE field) the server MUST return a FORMERR response. If MQTYPE-Query is received in a query that contains no primary question (i.e. QDCOUNT=0) the server MUST return a FORMERR response. If any invalid QTx is received in the query (e.g. one corresponding to a meta-RR) the server MUST return a FORMERR response. 3.2.2. Response Generation A conforming server that receives an MQTYPE-Query option in a query MUST return an MQTYPE-Response option in its response, even if that response is truncated (TC=1). The server MUST first start constructing a response for the primary (QNAME, QCLASS, QTYPE) tuple specified in the Question section per the existing DNS sections. The RCODE and all other flags (e.g. AA, AD, etc) MUST be determined at this time. Bellis Expires 27 January 2025 [Page 4] Internet-Draft DNS Multiple QTYPEs July 2024 If this initial response results in truncation (TC=1) then the additional queries specified in MQTYPE-Query MUST NOT be processed. After the initial response is prepared, the server MUST attempt to combine the responses for individual (QNAME, QCLASS, QTx) combinations into the response for the first query. For each individual combination the server MUST evaluate the resulting RCODE and other flags and check that they all match the values generated from the primary query. If any mismatch is detected the mismatching additional response MUST NOT be included in the final combined response and its QTx value MUST NOT be included in the MQTYPE-Response list. This might happen, for example, if the primary query resulted in a NOERROR response but a QTx query resulted in a SERVFAIL, or if the primary response has AA=0 but a QTx response has AA=1, such as might happen if the NS and DS records were both requested at the parent side of a zone cut. If no mismatches are detected the server MUST attempt to combine the individual RRs into their respective sections. The server MUST detect duplicate RRs and keep only a single copy of each RR in its respective section. Duplicates can occur e.g. in Answer section if a CNAME chain is involved, or e.g. Authority section if multiple QTYPEs don't exist etc. Note that RRs can be legitimately duplicated in different sections, e.g. for (SOA, TYPE12345) combination on apex where TYPE12345 is not present. If message size (or other) limits do not allow all of the data obtained by querying for an additional QTx to be included in the final response then the server MUST NOT include the respective QTx in the MQTYPE-Response list and MAY stop processing further QTx combinations. If all RRs for a single QTx combination fit into the message then the server MUST include respective QTx in the MQTYPE-Response list to indicate that given query type was completely processed. 3.3. Client Response Processing Recursive resolvers MAY use this method to obtain multiple records from an authoritative server. For the purposes of Section 5.4.1 of [RFC2181] any authoritative answers received MUST be ranked the same as the answer for the primary question. Bellis Expires 27 January 2025 [Page 5] Internet-Draft DNS Multiple QTYPEs July 2024 If the response to a query containing an MQTYPE-Query option does not contain an MQTYPE-Response option, or if it erroneously contains an MQTYPE-Query option, the client MUST treat the response as if this option is unsupported by the server and SHOULD process the response as if the MQTYPE-Query option had not been used. If the MQTYPE-Response option is present more than once or if a QTx value is duplicate the client MUST treat the answer as invalid (equivalent to FORMERR) The client SHOULD subsequently initiate standalone queries (i.e. without using the MQTYPE-Query option) for any QTx value that did not generate a negative answer. 4. Security Considerations The method documented here does not change any of the security properties of the DNS protocol itself. It should however be noted that this method does increase the potential amplification factor when the DNS protocol is used as a vector for a denial of service attack. 5. IANA Considerations NB: to be rewritten once assignments have been made. IANA is requested to assign two new values (TBD1 and TBD2) in the DNS EDNS0 Option Codes registry for MQTYPE-Query and MQTYPE-Response. They should be consecutive, with the -Query option being an even number. 6. References 6.1. Normative References [RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, DOI 10.17487/RFC1035, November 1987, . [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC2181] Elz, R. and R. Bush, "Clarifications to the DNS Specification", RFC 2181, DOI 10.17487/RFC2181, July 1997, . Bellis Expires 27 January 2025 [Page 6] Internet-Draft DNS Multiple QTYPEs July 2024 [RFC6891] Damas, J., Graff, M., and P. Vixie, "Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS(0))", STD 75, RFC 6891, DOI 10.17487/RFC6891, April 2013, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC9619] Bellis, R. and J. Abley, "In the DNS, QDCOUNT Is (Usually) One", RFC 9619, DOI 10.17487/RFC9619, July 2024, . 6.2. Informative References [RFC6762] Cheshire, S. and M. Krochmal, "Multicast DNS", RFC 6762, DOI 10.17487/RFC6762, February 2013, . [RFC8482] Abley, J., Gudmundsson, O., Majkowski, M., and E. Hunt, "Providing Minimal-Sized Responses to DNS Queries That Have QTYPE=ANY", RFC 8482, DOI 10.17487/RFC8482, January 2019, . Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank the following for their feedback and reviews during the initial development of this document: Michael Graff, Olafur Gudmundsson, Matthijs Mekking, and Paul Vixie. In addition the author wishes to thank the following for subsequent review during discussion in the DNSSD Working Group: Chris Box, Stuart Cheshire, Esko Dijk, Ted Lemon, David Schinazi and Petr Spacek. Author's Address Ray Bellis Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. PO Box 360 Newmarket, NH 03857 United States of America Phone: +1 650 423 1300 Email: ray@isc.org Bellis Expires 27 January 2025 [Page 7]