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From: Munil Shah <munils@microsoft.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: DHCPNAK and multiple logical subnet issue
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Hi All,
	Here's the setup. I have multiple logical subnets A and B on same
physical net. DHCP client gets an IP address from DHCPServer-A. On the
next reboot, it broadcasts DHCPREQUEST. Server A gets it and sends an
DHCPACK. Server B also gets the same request and sends a DHCPNAK as per
draft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-09.txt, section 4.3.2, topic DHCPREQUEST generated
during INIT-REBOOT state. The client happens to get the DHCPNAK first
and that forces him to get a new IP address even though its lease for
the previous IP address is still valid. This in turn causes DNS and NBNS
entries for this client to get updated and extra network traffic.

	How do I fix this? There are several issues/suggestions.

1) If I make server B ignore the request then a new client which has
just moved to its net will continue to use invalid address(i.e one that
does not belong to this new net). This will be a violation of the RFC.
2) May be I should NAK only if 'secs' field is non-zero. This way on the
first broadcast of DHCPREQUEST, only A responds with ACK preventing B
from sending NAK. But what if A does not get the first broadcast? Or
what if A is down?  In both cases B WILL send NAK during second
retransmit, forcing client to get a new IP address.
3) May be client should do a subnet broadcast of DHCPREQUEST. This way
only A will get the DHCPREQUEST. But what if A is down? In this case, do
we revert back to all FF broadcasts(which would result in B sending
DHCPNAK) OR we continue to use the old IP address( which may result in
it keeping an invalid ip address, if we had just moved to the new net).

Any thoughts?

Thanks,
-Munil Shah
Software Design Engineer,
Microsoft Corp.


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To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: Re: DHCPNAK and multiple logical subnet issue
X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Comment: Discussion of DHCP for IPv4




> Hi All,
> 	Here's the setup. I have multiple logical subnets A and B on same
> physical net. DHCP client gets an IP address from DHCPServer-A. On the
> next reboot, it broadcasts DHCPREQUEST. Server A gets it and sends an
> DHCPACK. Server B also gets the same request and sends a DHCPNAK as per
> draft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-09.txt, section 4.3.2, topic DHCPREQUEST generated
> during INIT-REBOOT state. The client happens to get the DHCPNAK first
> and that forces him to get a new IP address even though its lease for
> the previous IP address is still valid. This in turn causes DNS and NBNS
> entries for this client to get updated and extra network traffic.
> 
> 	How do I fix this? There are several issues/suggestions.
[...]
> 
> Any thoughts?
> 
> Thanks,
> -Munil Shah
> Software Design Engineer,
> Microsoft Corp.

This is an interesting issue, related to one from a few weeks ago (at
least in my mind).

I'm a bit confused by your setup.  It sounds like you have multiple
logical subnets (A and B) on the same wire, and two servers on that
wire as well -- one serving subnet A and one serving subnet B. Each
server knows only about its own subnet -- but receives broadcasts from
all clients on the wire. True?

If this is true, then each server will always see INIT-REBOOT's from
clients of the other server as "on the wrong network".  We do not
recommend such a configuration to our customers.

We tell them to configure each DHCP server on the wire with information
about *both* subnet A and B precisely so that the servers will handle
this situation gracefully and not get into "one-NAK-man-ship" with
clients of the other server.  I believe such support is widely known as
secondary subnet support.

Perhaps I'm mistaken in my assumptions about your configuration.  It
might help if you could explain it a bit more in detail.

Cheers -- Kim

Kim Kinnear
American Internet Corp.

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To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: Re: DHCPNAK and multiple logical subnet issue
X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
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This is solved within the server implementation.  I'm not sure whether
you are asking how to do this within a server implementation or which
servers provide this feature.  In the latter category, virtually all of
the recently introduced servers provide support for multiple subnets on
the same wire including Microsoft which introduced this support via the
superscope feature in Service Pack 2 for Windows NT 4.0.  Others like
Competitive Automation, American Internet, Cisco, ... have this support
as well.

Munil Shah wrote:
> 
> Hi All,
>         Here's the setup. I have multiple logical subnets A and B on same
> physical net. DHCP client gets an IP address from DHCPServer-A. On the
> next reboot, it broadcasts DHCPREQUEST. Server A gets it and sends an
> DHCPACK. Server B also gets the same request and sends a DHCPNAK as per
> draft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-09.txt, section 4.3.2, topic DHCPREQUEST generated
> during INIT-REBOOT state. The client happens to get the DHCPNAK first
> and that forces him to get a new IP address even though its lease for
> the previous IP address is still valid. This in turn causes DNS and NBNS
> entries for this client to get updated and extra network traffic.
> 
>         How do I fix this? There are several issues/suggestions.
> 
> 1) If I make server B ignore the request then a new client which has
> just moved to its net will continue to use invalid address(i.e one that
> does not belong to this new net). This will be a violation of the RFC.
> 2) May be I should NAK only if 'secs' field is non-zero. This way on the
> first broadcast of DHCPREQUEST, only A responds with ACK preventing B
> from sending NAK. But what if A does not get the first broadcast? Or
> what if A is down?  In both cases B WILL send NAK during second
> retransmit, forcing client to get a new IP address.
> 3) May be client should do a subnet broadcast of DHCPREQUEST. This way
> only A will get the DHCPREQUEST. But what if A is down? In this case, do
> we revert back to all FF broadcasts(which would result in B sending
> DHCPNAK) OR we continue to use the old IP address( which may result in
> it keeping an invalid ip address, if we had just moved to the new net).
> 
> Any thoughts?
> 
> Thanks,
> -Munil Shah
> Software Design Engineer,
> Microsoft Corp.

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From: Munil Shah <munils@microsoft.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: RE: DHCPNAK and multiple logical subnet issue
X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
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see below:

>-----Original Message-----
>From:	Kim Kinnear [SMTP:kinnear@american.com]
>Sent:	Tuesday, February 04, 1997 7:22 AM
>To:	Multiple recipients of list
>Subject:	Re: DHCPNAK and multiple logical subnet issue
>
>
>
>
>> Hi All,
>> 	Here's the setup. I have multiple logical subnets A and B on same
>> physical net. DHCP client gets an IP address from DHCPServer-A. On the
>> next reboot, it broadcasts DHCPREQUEST. Server A gets it and sends an
>> DHCPACK. Server B also gets the same request and sends a DHCPNAK as per
>> draft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-09.txt, section 4.3.2, topic DHCPREQUEST generated
>> during INIT-REBOOT state. The client happens to get the DHCPNAK first
>> and that forces him to get a new IP address even though its lease for
>> the previous IP address is still valid. This in turn causes DNS and NBNS
>> entries for this client to get updated and extra network traffic.
>> 
>> 	How do I fix this? There are several issues/suggestions.
>[...]
>> 
>> Any thoughts?
>> 
>> Thanks,
>> -Munil Shah
>> Software Design Engineer,
>> Microsoft Corp.
>
>This is an interesting issue, related to one from a few weeks ago (at
>least in my mind).
>
>I'm a bit confused by your setup.  It sounds like you have multiple
>logical subnets (A and B) on the same wire, and two servers on that
>wire as well -- one serving subnet A and one serving subnet B. Each
>server knows only about its own subnet -- but receives broadcasts from
>all clients on the wire. True?
>
>[MunilS]  TRUE!
>
>If this is true, then each server will always see INIT-REBOOT's from
>clients of the other server as "on the wrong network".  We do not
>recommend such a configuration to our customers.
>
>We tell them to configure each DHCP server on the wire with information
>about *both* subnet A and B precisely so that the servers will handle
>this situation gracefully and not get into "one-NAK-man-ship" with
>clients of the other server.  I believe such support is widely known as
>secondary subnet support.
>
>[MunilS]  We dont recommend such setup either. But for historic reasons, our
>clients have such setup and they want us to find a solution to this.
>
>Perhaps I'm mistaken in my assumptions about your configuration.  It
>might help if you could explain it a bit more in detail.
>
>Cheers -- Kim
>
>Kim Kinnear
>American Internet Corp.

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From: "James, Warren A (wajames)" <wajames@msg.pacbell.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: RE: DHCPNAK and multiple logical subnet issue
X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
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The scenario where this feature bit us was with an NT4.0SP2 DHCP server
that had "reservations" for two clients and our legacy DHCP setup:

Our DHCP setup is an outgrowth of our BOOTP setup.  We have static
mapped IP addresses for 20K+ PC's (we originally used BOOTP and updated
the BOOTP server to use the DHCP protocol).  All the IP addresses are
"reservation" based, and the DHCP server is almost always on a remote
network from the Clients (all 20K+ clients are serviced by 4 DHCP
servers - one each in 4 regional data centers - each has a copy of an
identical DHCP reservation database).

Given this legacy DCHP setup and a "local" NT4.0/SP2 DHCP server (set up
by a local admin who had no understanding of the multiple IP subnets on
the large switched ethernet LAN to which his NT server was connected and
so was unable to "properly" configure the Superscope and further who was
unaware of the new feature in SP2 to even begin to ask the question -
whew), the local NT DHCP gave every DHCP client not on the same subnet
as itself a DHCPNAK and the clients then failed to boot ...  even when
the NT DHCP server had only two ip addresses in it's "scope" and both of
those were reserved for other machines.

I'd concede that fact that a "properly" configured Superscoping DHCP
server
 _should_ NAK a client broadcasting a "wrong subnet" request, but in our
network -
all DHCP servers are required to be reservation based to avoid creating
problems 
with the clients of the DHCP central servers.  

So our perspective is that a Superscoping DHCP server with
"reservations" 
only, should not NAK any clients but it's "own".

BTW  We are looking to modify the central DHCP servers to also provide
dynamic
addressing, but we would still have the requirement for "local" DHCP 
servers to be reservation based.


--
Warren James
Pacific * Bell
Principal Network Analyst
wajames@PacBell.COM




>----------
>From: 	Munil Shah[SMTP:munils@MICROSOFT.com]
>Sent: 	Tuesday, February 04, 1997 10:08 AM
>To: 	Multiple recipients of list
>Subject: 	RE: DHCPNAK and multiple logical subnet issue
>
>Yes, NT4.0SP2 has this support for superscope. But the clients already
>have the old setup and they want backward compatibility.
>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From:	Michael J. Lewis [SMTP:hosmjl@chevron.com]
>>Sent:	Tuesday, February 04, 1997 7:24 AM
>>To:	Multiple recipients of list
>>Subject:	Re: DHCPNAK and multiple logical subnet issue
>>
>>This is solved within the server implementation.  I'm not sure whether
>>you are asking how to do this within a server implementation or which
>>servers provide this feature.  In the latter category, virtually all of
>>the recently introduced servers provide support for multiple subnets on
>>the same wire including Microsoft which introduced this support via the
>>superscope feature in Service Pack 2 for Windows NT 4.0.  Others like
>>Competitive Automation, American Internet, Cisco, ... have this support
>>as well.
>>
>>Munil Shah wrote:
>>> 
>>> Hi All,
>>>         Here's the setup. I have multiple logical subnets A and B on same
>>> physical net. DHCP client gets an IP address from DHCPServer-A. On the
>>> next reboot, it broadcasts DHCPREQUEST. Server A gets it and sends an
>>> DHCPACK. Server B also gets the same request and sends a DHCPNAK as per
>>> draft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-09.txt, section 4.3.2, topic DHCPREQUEST generated
>>> during INIT-REBOOT state. The client happens to get the DHCPNAK first
>>> and that forces him to get a new IP address even though its lease for
>>> the previous IP address is still valid. This in turn causes DNS and NBNS
>>> entries for this client to get updated and extra network traffic.
>>> 
>>>         How do I fix this? There are several issues/suggestions.
>>> 
>>> 1) If I make server B ignore the request then a new client which has
>>> just moved to its net will continue to use invalid address(i.e one that
>>> does not belong to this new net). This will be a violation of the RFC.
>>> 2) May be I should NAK only if 'secs' field is non-zero. This way on the
>>> first broadcast of DHCPREQUEST, only A responds with ACK preventing B
>>> from sending NAK. But what if A does not get the first broadcast? Or
>>> what if A is down?  In both cases B WILL send NAK during second
>>> retransmit, forcing client to get a new IP address.
>>> 3) May be client should do a subnet broadcast of DHCPREQUEST. This way
>>> only A will get the DHCPREQUEST. But what if A is down? In this case, do
>>> we revert back to all FF broadcasts(which would result in B sending
>>> DHCPNAK) OR we continue to use the old IP address( which may result in
>>> it keeping an invalid ip address, if we had just moved to the new net).
>>> 
>>> Any thoughts?
>>> 
>>> Thanks,
>>> -Munil Shah
>>> Software Design Engineer,
>>> Microsoft Corp.
>
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To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: WIN/95 Init State
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All,

I am noticing a problem with WIN/95. What determines that a client is 
supposed to do a DHCPDISCOVER & not a DHCPREQUEST

I have noticed the problem when a client is given an address that is 
in conflict for some reason. Even though the address is removed from 
the pool of available addresses on the server, the client still 
requests the old address. 

How can you clear that address out of the client, so that it will do 
a DHCPDISCOVER?


Jeff Taylor
jefft@ou.edu
Network Specialist 
Telecommunications Dept.
University of Oklahoma
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All,

I am noticing a problem with WIN/95. What determines that a client is 
supposed to do a DHCPDISCOVER & not a DHCPREQUEST

I have noticed the problem when a client is given an address that is 
in conflict for some reason. Even though the address is removed from 
the pool of available addresses on the server, the client still 
requests the old address. 

How can you clear that address out of the client, so that it will do 
a DHCPDISCOVER?


Jeff Taylor
jefft@ou.edu
Network Specialist 
Telecommunications Dept.
University of Oklahoma
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     Hi,
     
     Anyone got an answer to this yet?...
     
     cheers,
     
     Daran.


______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________
Subject: Question about Wins and bootp-DD2.4.3
Author:  dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu at UNIXGTWY
Date:    20/01/97 09:11


     Hi,
     has anyone made any modifications to the CMU bootp-DD2.4.3 code to 
     enable it to pass two Wins-server addresses to a client?  If so, could 
     you possibly post the necessary patches to me?
     
     thanks in advance,
     
     Daran Rowlands
     Senior Network Analyst
     Merrill Lynch Europe PLC
     daran_rowlands@ml.com
     


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>      has anyone made any modifications to the CMU bootp-DD2.4.3 code to 
>      enable it to pass two Wins-server addresses to a client?  If so, could
>      you possibly post the necessary patches to me?

The CMU DHCP server (different tree from bootp-DD) does allow you to
send WINS server addresses. We currently send two addresses to all our
Windows 95/NT boxes. 

If I remember correctly (it's been a while and I didn't write the
original), you need an entry at the top of your bootptab:

-----
# The following lines have been added to provide DHCP support for Windows 95
# clients with the new server. They will cause false error messages with
# old servers, but that shouldn't matter. 

$DHCP: ds=128.2.35.50 128.2.13.21 128.2.72.1:no=p:dl=86400:\
            ws=128.2.35.60 128.2.72.50
$V37020000:tc=$DHCP
-----

Where ds is domain, dl is lease time, and ws is WINS servers. 

The sources for DHCP 3.3.7 (which has known bugs, but few truly fatal
ones) are available from ftp://ftp.net.cmu.edu/pub/dhcp. We'll be
working on bug fixes and feature enhancements in the next couple of
months.

--- Erikas 
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From: Somenath Bandyopadhyay <sbandyo@novell.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: WIN/95 Init State -Reply
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I had the same problem and I used regedit and found where
the DHCP structure is stored. And then delete the data in
registry for the old IP address..In fact, I put 0's all over and
WIN95 client got its IP address successfully when rebooted.

This worked for me...thanks,  som.

>>> "Jeff Taylor" Taylor@zoo <Jeff@mail.bucknell.edu>
02/07/97 03:53pm >>>
All,

I am noticing a problem with WIN/95. What determines that a
client is 
supposed to do a DHCPDISCOVER & not a DHCPREQUEST

I have noticed the problem when a client is given an address
that is 
in conflict for some reason. Even though the address is
removed from 
the pool of available addresses on the server, the client still 
requests the old address. 

How can you clear that address out of the client, so that it will
do 
a DHCPDISCOVER?


Jeff Taylor
jefft@ou.edu
Network Specialist 
Telecommunications Dept.
University of Oklahoma

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On Fri, 7 Feb 1997, "Jeff Taylor" Taylor@zoo wrote:

> I am noticing a problem with WIN/95. What determines that a client is 
> supposed to do a DHCPDISCOVER & not a DHCPREQUEST
> 
> I have noticed the problem when a client is given an address that is 
> in conflict for some reason. Even though the address is removed from 
> the pool of available addresses on the server, the client still 
> requests the old address. 
> 
> How can you clear that address out of the client, so that it will do 
> a DHCPDISCOVER?

When the requested address is in conflict with bootptab, the DHCP server
should send back a DHCPNAK reply, and the WIN95 client sending DHCPREQUEST
will start DHCPDISCOVER all over again.

Zuwei Liu
Network Engineering
University of Notre Dame
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From: Matt Carling <mcarlin@tpgi.com.au>
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Try running winipcfg (standard with win95). It allows you to view active
leases and release them too.
cheers
Matt

----------
> From: Somenath Bandyopadhyay <sbandyo@novell.com>
> To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
> Subject: WIN/95 Init State -Reply
> Date: Tuesday, February 11, 1997 5:01
> 
> I had the same problem and I used regedit and found where
> the DHCP structure is stored. And then delete the data in
> registry for the old IP address..In fact, I put 0's all over and
> WIN95 client got its IP address successfully when rebooted.
> 
> This worked for me...thanks,  som.
> 
> >>> "Jeff Taylor" Taylor@zoo <Jeff@mail.bucknell.edu>
> 02/07/97 03:53pm >>>
> All,
> 
> I am noticing a problem with WIN/95. What determines that a
> client is 
> supposed to do a DHCPDISCOVER & not a DHCPREQUEST
> 
> I have noticed the problem when a client is given an address
> that is 
> in conflict for some reason. Even though the address is
> removed from 
> the pool of available addresses on the server, the client still 
> requests the old address. 
> 
> How can you clear that address out of the client, so that it will
> do 
> a DHCPDISCOVER?
> 
> 
> Jeff Taylor
> jefft@ou.edu
> Network Specialist 
> Telecommunications Dept.
> University of Oklahoma
> 
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	id AB15370; Wed, 12 Feb 1997 18:52:53 -0500
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From: cpeters2 <carolyn_petersen@wausau.com>
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Subject: Re: client-id -Reply
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What about sun systems with more than one network adapter? Sun uses one
mac address for all its interfaces.

Richard Letts wrote:
> 
> On Fri, 24 Jan 1997, David Lapp wrote:
> 
> > This is all true but client ids in many (most? all?) implementations
> > are user/customer entered and controled. Thus, this is an administrative
> I hope not! In the environment I'm using bootp [and will shortly move
> to DHCP] The last thing I want is users having to remember something
> cryptic that they then try to use on every PC they try. 91% of the
> systems at work obtain their IP addresses dynamically. the other 9% are
> unix servers and network hardware.
> 
> I'd assumed everyone would use the burnt-in mac address of the IEEE network
> adapter: why complicate things generating client ID's any hard way.
> 
> Richard Letts
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Network Services Manager                mail:   R.J.Letts@ais.salford.ac.uk
> University of Salford                   phone:  +44 161 745 5252
> Great Britain                           fax:    +44 161 745 5888

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subscribe host-conf rameshv@microsoft.com

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From: "Michael J. Lewis" <hosmjl@chevron.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: Dynamic DNS and existing DHCP clients
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We're in the process of examining our first "standards-based" DDNS/DHCP
implementation.  As a part of this evaluation, we are testing to see how
well the product adheres to the "Interaction between DHCP and DNS" draft
(draft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-dns-02.txt) and "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name
System" (draft-ietf-dnsind-dynDNS-11.txt) documents.  The server product
appears to follow the DNS update document but because the client is one
of the current lot, the specifications of the DHCP/DNS interaction
document are not followed.  

As I read the document, a client wishing to utilize a dynamic DNS update
must send a Client FQDN option to the server indicating whether the
client or server will update the A RR record.  The document does not
cover what should occur if this option is not provided; the implication
is that no dynamic DNS update should occur.

This is a problem, of course, for those of us with existing DHCP clients
that do not include the Client FQDN option.  The DDNS/DHCP vendor we
tested skirted the issue by providing configuration options that allow
the server to initiate the updates at the discretion of the system
administrator rather than the client.  The FQDN is built by combining
the domain name with either host name information provided on the
client's DHCP DISCOVER/REQUEST packets or generated via conventions set
by the administrator.  

I understand that a scenario in which the server does all DNS activity
is not perfect (a client could RELEASE its address while the DHCP server
were down and consequently no DNS update would occur) but this vendor's
implementation seems to provide a way in which those of us who have
(large numbers) of existing DHCP clients could get to a Dynamic DNS
solution by updating our (fewer) servers rather than our (many) clients.
Would it make sense to amend the draft to allow a server to undertake
all DNS updates (at administrator/site discretion) if the Client FQDN
packet is not included within a client's REQUEST packet?

Thanks.
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From: Yakov Rekhter <yakov@cisco.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: Re: Dynamic DNS and existing DHCP clients 
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Michael,

> We're in the process of examining our first "standards-based" DDNS/DHCP
> implementation.  As a part of this evaluation, we are testing to see how
> well the product adheres to the "Interaction between DHCP and DNS" draft
> (draft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-dns-02.txt) and "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name
> System" (draft-ietf-dnsind-dynDNS-11.txt) documents.  The server product
> appears to follow the DNS update document but because the client is one
> of the current lot, the specifications of the DHCP/DNS interaction
> document are not followed.  
> 
> As I read the document, a client wishing to utilize a dynamic DNS update
> must send a Client FQDN option to the server indicating whether the
> client or server will update the A RR record.  The document does not
> cover what should occur if this option is not provided; the implication
> is that no dynamic DNS update should occur.
> 
> This is a problem, of course, for those of us with existing DHCP clients
> that do not include the Client FQDN option.  The DDNS/DHCP vendor we
> tested skirted the issue by providing configuration options that allow
> the server to initiate the updates at the discretion of the system
> administrator rather than the client.  The FQDN is built by combining
> the domain name with either host name information provided on the
> client's DHCP DISCOVER/REQUEST packets or generated via conventions set
> by the administrator.  
> 
> I understand that a scenario in which the server does all DNS activity
> is not perfect (a client could RELEASE its address while the DHCP server
> were down and consequently no DNS update would occur) but this vendor's
> implementation seems to provide a way in which those of us who have
> (large numbers) of existing DHCP clients could get to a Dynamic DNS
> solution by updating our (fewer) servers rather than our (many) clients.
> Would it make sense to amend the draft to allow a server to undertake
> all DNS updates (at administrator/site discretion) if the Client FQDN
> packet is not included within a client's REQUEST packet?

I think this is quite reasonable modification. So, unless I hear
any stong objections I'll reissue the Internet Draft with this
mod included.

Yakov.

P.S. I also wonder whether even if a client indicates to a server
that the client wants to update its A RR, the serve should be 
allowed (under administrative control) to override this by (a) taking 
responsibility for update the A RR, and (b) indicating to the client
that the server decided to take this responsibility. Any comments
on this ?
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X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
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> Would it make sense to amend the draft to allow a server to undertake
> all DNS updates (at administrator/site discretion) if the Client FQDN
> packet is not included within a client's REQUEST packet?

I'm not sure there's any reason to do this - this seems to be a
non-DHCP-specific feature provided by a DHCP server, rather than a
DHCP-specific feature that needs to be documented in a protocol
standard.

			       _MelloN_
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Yakov Rekhter wrote:
> 
> Michael,
> 
< original suggestion deleted > 

> > Would it make sense to amend the draft to allow a server to undertake
> > all DNS updates (at administrator/site discretion) if the Client FQDN
> > packet is not included within a client's REQUEST packet?

> I think this is quite reasonable modification. So, unless I hear
> any stong objections I'll reissue the Internet Draft with this
> mod included.
> 
> Yakov.
> 
> P.S. I also wonder whether even if a client indicates to a server
> that the client wants to update its A RR, the server should be
> allowed (under administrative control) to override this by (a) taking
> responsibility for update the A RR, and (b) indicating to the client
> that the server decided to take this responsibility. Any comments
> on this ?

This sounds fine to me.
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From: Bo Ahlberg <BoA@metainfo.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: Questions on why DHCP Clients can issue DNSUPD messages
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Please pardon any ignorance here.... but having just started monitoring
these groups and having read a number of the drafts, I have found an
issue that I must call attention to:

The issue has to do with DynDNS, DHCP and Client driven updates.  The
issue that seems to be un-addressed here is security and its impact upon
the management side of the problems of Dynamic Address management.  My
point being:

1. DNSSEC seems to indicate that the method used to validate a
host/client's right to update DNS entries is to be granted by a security
record maintained in the config files of the DNS to be updated.

2. DNSUPD indicates that the DHCP client can declare that it will
provide the DNSUPD messages to the DNS. 

3. DHCP server is in fact the owner of the lease, the client is just the
"borrower".

So, what this seems to mean is that if I want to protect my DynDNS from
attack by unauthorized DNSUPD messages I will need to maintain security
records for each client so authorized. 

Which in turn leads to the question: "what problem is trying to be
solved here?"

If, as seems to be the intent of the DynDNS, you are trying to reduce
the load of maintaining the Config and Zone files of the DNS by allowing
the DNS to by automatically maintained with regards to the IP address
and name assignments. Then why is a situation being created where in the
IP Address/Domain Name management load is being shifted to managing
security records? (Aren't we just trading one kind of static space (Name
to IP address) for another (Security record to Network ID)?

Further, since the DHCP server is the owner of all IP address leases,
should not the DHCP server be the only one to issue updates for its
granted leases? (This would help reduce the security info management by
maintaining DNSSEC records for the DHCP server and not hundreds of
clients).

If the issue for allowing the DHCP clients to update the DynDNS is to
allow for "unavailable" DHCP servers? Then why not address the DHCP
server short comings by allowing fault tolerant DHCP configurations? (
As is being suggested by the use of the Server Cache Synchronization
Protocol to allow multiple DHCP server to coordinate within a lease
scope [and if that has not been suggested, it has now].)

It would seem to me that the following would be natural evolution to the
existing systems to allow the dynamic configuration of the DNS and
controlling the security of the information.

1. DNSUPD from clients is only allowed if they have been statically
assigned an IP address. (this is no net increate in work for the DNS
Manager as the change is from maintaining A records to managing security
records).

2. DHCP Clients are forbidden from DNSUPD messages as they are not the
owner of the address (By allowing DHCP Clients to do DNSUPD messages you
are not saving any work in a secure environment.)

3. DHCP Servers and their related protocols be extended to allow for the
creation of fault tolerant Server environments (SCSP is a start). This
would remove, or limit, the requirements for client based  DNSUPD
messages.

4. If security of network clients is an issue, then extend DHCP Servers
do security checking on those clients using any of a number of security
models (Kerberos for example). The DHCP server is the client's first
point of contact in the network (generally speaking) and as such is in
an ideal situation to validate a client by issuing it an IP Address (and
potentially other access keys).


Please... I am not trying to dig up potentially old ground.... I have
just been reading through the various documents from both the DNS and
DHCP groups and found what I thought were some inconsistencies. I wanted
to find out if there was an answer to my questions since the documents I
have found to date don't seem to provide any.

Thanks in advance....

Bo....
Bo Ahlberg          
Senior Network Engineer/Lead Technologist
-------------------------------------------------------
MetaInfo, Inc.                   "Making the Net Work!"
119 S. Main St. Suite 200           Voice: 206.674.3700
Seattle, WA  98104 USA                Fax: 206.674.3800
-------------------------------------------------------
http://www.metainfo.com


>
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	id AA00539; Fri, 21 Feb 1997 21:50:40 -0500
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 1997 21:50:40 -0500
Message-Id: <199702220242.VAA07893@geordi.dccs.upenn.edu>
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Subject: Re: Questions on why DHCP Clients can issue DNSUPD messages
X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Comment: Discussion of DHCP for IPv4
X-Mailer: Mail User's Shell (7.2.5 10/14/92)

On Feb 21,  6:30pm, Bo Ahlberg wrote:
| Which in turn leads to the question: "what problem is trying to be
| solved here?"

That seems to me to be a fair question.

| If, as seems to be the intent of the DynDNS, you are trying to reduce
| the load of maintaining the Config and Zone files of the DNS by allowing
| the DNS to by automatically maintained with regards to the IP address
| and name assignments. Then why is a situation being created where in the
| IP Address/Domain Name management load is being shifted to managing
| security records? (Aren't we just trading one kind of static space (Name
| to IP address) for another (Security record to Network ID)?

I guess when you have strong tools, you can sometimes apply them to 
numerous problems.

Some people are more interested in solving a different problem than the
one you state:  That of getting addresses assigned dynamically but
allowing for cases where a specific FQDN should follow the actual
end-station regardless of what address it has been assigned (and to
some extent, regardless of where it is from a network topological
standpoint).  That is to say, I might want to move my laptop to
different buildings and different networks around my campus (or perhaps
even to a neighboring campus!) and get new address assignments as
needed from a number of different DHCP servers, but *always* end up
with the FQDN "artoo.dccs.upenn.edu".

It's no less work than managing static addresses (it may be more work)
but it achieves something new.

| Further, since the DHCP server is the owner of all IP address leases,
| should not the DHCP server be the only one to issue updates for its
| granted leases? (This would help reduce the security info management by
| maintaining DNSSEC records for the DHCP server and not hundreds of
| clients).

The DHCP server owns the address.  So it ought to perform the DNS PTR
record update. Who owns the name, and therefore has the right to do the
DNS A record update, is a question that could have different answers in 
different situations.

-------
Deke Kassabian, Manager, Network Engineering 
Information Systems and Computing, University of Pennsylvania
Voice:215-898-9293   FAX:215-898-9348   Email: <deke@isc.upenn.edu>
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X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
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Yakov,

THe implementation I am building assumes the policy is in place per your
draft (I am only working on DHCPv6).  So if the server updates ptr and
client updates AAAA records and client sends AAAA then the server will
reject the request.

So I don't have an issue with this either.

/jim
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X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Comment: Discussion of DHCP for IPv4

thats a good point too. dyn dns support is really out of scope for dhcp.
but in dhcpv6 we do have error codes defined for the server and request
types in the extensions so Yakov's various scenarios can be known when I
send the packet as a client and when I receive the packet as a server.

I just parse the ext type and see if AAAA || PTR || BOTH.

Same code for client and server so the model works well.

/jim
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X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Comment: Discussion of DHCP for IPv4

these points are issues we really did not discuss.  but I think that the
policy has to set based on who can upate what.  thats why I think the
market will either haver servers do it or clients do it but not have it
split.  this reduces the security problem somewhat and the fault
tolerant issues to at least once system.

it also gets more complicate for IPv6.  here i can be getting addresses
from a routing adverstisement prefix and from dhcpv6.

what I am going to build in my implementation for ipv6 is a client that
does the AAAA and ptr record directly with the dns and will have its own
security mappings (also different levels available).  the lease
(stateless or dhcpv6 assigned) will determine the delete to the dns and
will happen automatically from the dynds daemon.

we have a lot more tools to do this in IPv6 and DHCPv6 protocol so I
beginning to think that the way its done will be different due to the
two different capabilities.

also we did not do dyndns to reduce config files (made it better to
update them with notify and ixfr thought) but rather to take humans out
of the loop for names/ptrs.  of course we increased the overhead.

/jim
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Subject: Re: Questions on why DHCP Clients can issue DNSUPD messages 
X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Comment: Discussion of DHCP for IPv4


> I think that the policy has to set based on who can upate what.
> thats why I think the market will either haver servers do it or
> clients do it but not have it split.  this reduces the security
> problem somewhat and the fault tolerant issues to at least once
> system.

I'd trust my laptop at a customer site before I'd trust the DHCP
server at a customer site.   But the name server at the customer site
would rightly trust its DHCP server more than my laptop.   This is the
reason why we need to be able to do split updates.   For machines that
will never leave an administrative domain, single-source updates make
a lot of sense, but that's not the only case we should be thinking
about.

> also we did not do dyndns to reduce config files (made it better to
> update them with notify and ixfr thought) but rather to take humans out
> of the loop for names/ptrs.  of course we increased the overhead.

Nicely put.   I think this can be said about the DHCP protocol in
general, and it shouldn't be thought of as a criticism.

			       _MelloN_
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X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Comment: Discussion of DHCP for IPv4


>> I think that the policy has to set based on who can upate what.
>> thats why I think the market will either haver servers do it or
>> clients do it but not have it split.  this reduces the security
>> problem somewhat and the fault tolerant issues to at least once
>> system.

>I'd trust my laptop at a customer site before I'd trust the DHCP
>server at a customer site.   But the name server at the customer site
>would rightly trust its DHCP server more than my laptop.   This is the
>reason why we need to be able to do split updates.   For machines that
>will never leave an administrative domain, single-source updates make
>a lot of sense, but that's not the only case we should be thinking
>about.

Good point.  The issue also becomes a problem for IPv6 when you come on
the link and get a prefix for your interface-id and then want a name. So
it seems that the server needs to authenticate each client. But if the
client is authenticated by DHCP in the first place to the server then
the server can use a "generic SIG record" to update any clients????

This would reduce the SIG records.  

For permanent clients not using DHCP they would need their own SIG
records.

But now we are tying SIG records to addresses and that we better check
will work in DNSSEC?

/jim
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From: Mike Carney - SunSoft Internet Engineering <mwc@atlantic.east.sun.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: Re: DHCPNAK and multiple logical subnet issue
X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Comment: Discussion of DHCP for IPv4

> Hi All,

I realize that Munil sent this out awhile back, but better late than never. ;^)
 > 	Here's the setup. I have multiple logical subnets A and B on same
> physical net. DHCP client gets an IP address from DHCPServer-A. On the
> next reboot, it broadcasts DHCPREQUEST. Server A gets it and sends an
> DHCPACK. Server B also gets the same request and sends a DHCPNAK as per
> draft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-09.txt, section 4.3.2, topic DHCPREQUEST generated
> during INIT-REBOOT state. The client happens to get the DHCPNAK first
> and that forces him to get a new IP address even though its lease for
> the previous IP address is still valid. This in turn causes DNS and NBNS
> entries for this client to get updated and extra network traffic.
> 
> 	How do I fix this? There are several issues/suggestions.
> 

I suppose servers that support this feature can be configured with a list of
logical networks to physical media, and thus check all logical networks upon
receipt of a client request to see "which" network the client is "really" on.
Clients wouldn't have to change. I imagine that this solution doesn't scale
very well, as the number of clients and logical networks increase,
particularly in the absence of a server-to-server protocol.

Munil's suggestion of using the subnet broadcast address rather than the
limited broadcast address (255.255.255.255) would work as well, although that
solution would only help in the INIT-REBOOT state - if the client's lease
expires, then the  knowledge of the netmask goes with it. And, as Munil
pointed out, this solution wouldn't effectively detect the situation when the
client actually *has* moved to a different net, and should thus be NAKed.

Adding a client and server configurable option which would serve as a logical
network identifier would work, although this would further complicate the
situation where the client really "does" move, requires client configuration,
and wouldn't help legacy clients.

Ultimately, I imagine the site looks like a BOOTP site (no automatic
allocation).

The only truly effective mechanism is found at the link layer, where switches
are configured such that some list of ports is on one network, and another
list is on another network, and so on. You're still using the same wire, but
you're getting the one network to one physical ethernet that's required to
make DHCP work effectively. You can't do this with routers.






Mike Carney
SunSoft Internet Engineering
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
2 Elizabeth Drive
Chelmsford, MA 01824

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Subject: Re: Dynamic DNS and existing DHCP clients 
X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Comment: Discussion of DHCP for IPv4

> 
> > Would it make sense to amend the draft to allow a server to undertake
> > all DNS updates (at administrator/site discretion) if the Client FQDN
> > packet is not included within a client's REQUEST packet?
> 
> I'm not sure there's any reason to do this - this seems to be a
> non-DHCP-specific feature provided by a DHCP server, rather than a
> DHCP-specific feature that needs to be documented in a protocol
> standard.
> 
> 			       _MelloN_

I agree. Keeping DHCP separate from DDNS protocols is important. (that's
different than combining functionality in a implementation, which is what I
think Michael was describing)

Mike Carney
SunSoft Internet Engineering
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
2 Elizabeth Drive
Chelmsford, MA 01824

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X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Comment: Discussion of DHCP for IPv4


> Please pardon any ignorance here.... but having just started monitoring
> these groups and having read a number of the drafts, I have found an
> issue that I must call attention to:

Sigh.  Had you subscribed about a day earlier, you would have seen an
exchange on this very topic.  Oh well - life doesn't always proceed in
the most convenient possible manner... :')

Anyway, the reason why both the client and the server may need to send
updates to the name server is that it may be necessary to update two
name servers.   Consider the case (which is very near and dear to me,
BTW) where you have a laptop that you carry around between work and
customer sites.   My laptop is andare.fugue.com.

As the laptop moves around, it needs to acquire addresses from various
dhcp servers (or, on some nets, it uses a static address which it
verifies by pinging the router).   When it gets a new address, it
should contact the DNS server at home with a DNS update for the A
record for andare.fugue.com.

Meanwhile, the DHCP server from which it got its address needs to send
a DNS update to *it's* name server for the PTR record linking the
local address with the domain name ``andare.fugue.com.''

I do not want to set my DNS server up so that it trusts my customers'
DHCP servers to do A record updates.   My customers don't want to set
their DNS servers up so that my laptop can update PTR records.   So,
it is necessary to do a split update, with the laptop updating my DNS
server's A record and the local DHCP server updating the local DNS
server's PTR record.

Of course, I haven't yet implemented the DNS update code, but it's
next on my list.   Sigh.

			       _MelloN_
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Yakov,  Michael,

In case you need yet another opinion...  I
believe the choice by the server to update DNS RR's 
is strictly server implementation and/or local admin policy 
(regardless of whether or not option 81 is included).  To 
address Yakov's last question of:

> P.S. I also wonder whether even if a client indicates to a server
> that the client wants to update its A RR, the serve should be 
> allowed (under administrative control) to override this by (a) taking 
> responsibility for update the A RR, and (b) indicating to the client
> that the server decided to take this responsibility. Any comments
> on this ?
 
I say "yes" here, as well... and so I guess I'd agree that some new
text (as an implementation note?) would be helpful in clarifying this 
issue.

Regards, Glenn



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From: Noel Johnston <njohnsto@netcom.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <dhcp-v4@bucknell.edu>
Subject: Re: Questions on why DHCP Clients can issue DNSUPD messages 
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Ted

I have two questions for you regarding the scenario you presented below. I 
am curious as to how the laptop at the customer site is going to get its 
DNS update to your home server.

1. Would this update be a UDP (or TCP) unicast as per Sect 4 of RFC1035? 
(This is my understanding from the current drafts) 

2. Most firewall administrators would be nervous about opening up this 
type of traffic between corporations don't you think? I know that it would 
certainly be the case at this client site. Currently the only DNS 
exchange between hosts at this site and other corporations is between an 
external (split DNS) server and the rest of the world. Internal hosts 
query an internal (behind the firewall) DNS and never communicate directly 
with DNS servers outside the corporation.


On Mon, 24 Feb 1997, Ted Lemon wrote:

> 
> Anyway, the reason why both the client and the server may need to send
> updates to the name server is that it may be necessary to update two
> name servers.   Consider the case (which is very near and dear to me,
> BTW) where you have a laptop that you carry around between work and
> customer sites.   My laptop is andare.fugue.com.
> 
> As the laptop moves around, it needs to acquire addresses from various
> dhcp servers (or, on some nets, it uses a static address which it
> verifies by pinging the router).   When it gets a new address, it
> should contact the DNS server at home with a DNS update for the A
> record for andare.fugue.com.
> 
> Meanwhile, the DHCP server from which it got its address needs to send
> a DNS update to *it's* name server for the PTR record linking the
> local address with the domain name ``andare.fugue.com.''
> 
> I do not want to set my DNS server up so that it trusts my customers'
> DHCP servers to do A record updates.   My customers don't want to set
> their DNS servers up so that my laptop can update PTR records.   So,
> it is necessary to do a split update, with the laptop updating my DNS
> server's A record and the local DHCP server updating the local DNS
> server's PTR record.
> 
> Of course, I haven't yet implemented the DNS update code, but it's
> next on my list.   Sigh.
> 
> 			       _MelloN_
> 


Noel C Johnston			Network Consultant
Tel:   1-510-675 3050 (Work)	Axis Consulting International Inc.
       1-510-673 9636 (Home) 	1 Maritime Plaza 24th Floor
EMail: noel@yobbo.com	        San Francisco CA 94111 USA


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Subject: Re: Questions on why DHCP Clients can issue DNSUPD messages 
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> 1. Would this update be a UDP (or TCP) unicast as per Sect 4 of RFC1035? 
> (This is my understanding from the current drafts) 

Without non-host-based authentication, it really couldn't work, but
yes, assuming non-host-based authentication, you would just do a
regular DNS update.

> 2. Most firewall administrators would be nervous about opening up this 
> type of traffic between corporations don't you think?

I think ``most'' is probably an exaggeration, but yes, this could
easily be a problem.   However, in situations like this, trusting the
local DNS server doesn't solve the problem - it doesn't help to do a
DNS update if hosts off the network can't get to you anyway.   One of
my customer sites doesn't allow POP or SMTP through the firewall, and
at that site, updating DNS would be a mistake, since my laptop would
be unable to communicate anyway.

Unfortunately, there's no way to account for the presence of an
Internet Firewall in the average protocol standard.   We have to
assume that the network is functional.   If it's not, the protocol
fails.   The whole point of a firewall is to make sure that certain
protocols fail, after all.

			       _MelloN_
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Bo,

At 06:29 PM 2/21/97 -0500, you wrote:
>
>If the issue for allowing the DHCP clients to update the DynDNS is to
>allow for "unavailable" DHCP servers? Then why not address the DHCP
>server short comings by allowing fault tolerant DHCP configurations? (
>As is being suggested by the use of the Server Cache Synchronization
>Protocol to allow multiple DHCP server to coordinate within a lease
>scope [and if that has not been suggested, it has now].)
>

It has been suggested (please see my posting to the DHCP server-to-server
mailing list.  If you missed it, I'll be glad to resend it to you.)  
And ...., I agree that developing the DHCP server-to-server protocol on top
of the SCSP capabilities is a good thing to do. I'm currently
working up a draft to send out to the group.

Thanks,

Bob
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It's time to put together an agenda for the DHC WG meeting in Memphis.  
Please forward your suggestions for agenda items - I'll collect them and 
publish a final agenda in a few days.

- Ralph



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> It's time to put together an agenda for the DHC WG meeting in Memphis.  
> Please forward your suggestions for agenda items - I'll collect them and 
> publish a final agenda in a few days.

I'd really like to see some discussion on the Server-to-Server
protocol.

			       _MelloN_
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Ralph,

If you want , I would b glad to go over the SCSP capabilities
and DHCP riding on top of it?

Bob

BTW,  what days and time slots do you have?

At 09:37 PM 2/25/97 -0500, you wrote:
>It's time to put together an agenda for the DHC WG meeting in Memphis.  
>Please forward your suggestions for agenda items - I'll collect them and 
>publish a final agenda in a few days.
>
>- Ralph
>
>
>
>
>
>
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I'd really like in-depth discussion (maybe several shorter sessions) on the 
server-to-server and DHCP-to-DNS protocols

 --Barr Hibbs
  Pacific*Bell
  370 Third Street, Room 207
  San Francisco, CA  94107-1279
  +1(415)-545-1576
  rbhibbs@pacbell.com


 ----------
From: dhcp-v4
To: Multiple recipients of list
Subject: Agenda for Memphis IETF
Date: Wednesday, February 26, 1997 9:23AM

It's time to put together an agenda for the DHC WG meeting in Memphis.
Please forward your suggestions for agenda items - I'll collect them and
publish a final agenda in a few days.

 - Ralph



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