From rem-conf Sat Aug 01 01:59:14 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sat Aug 01 01:59:12 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z2XNI-0005uT-00; Sat, 1 Aug 1998 01:50:48 -0700
Received: from (fsnt.future.futsoft.com) [38.242.192.5] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z2XNF-0005tQ-00; Sat, 1 Aug 1998 01:50:46 -0700
Received: from kailash.future.futsoft.com (unverified [38.242.192.4]) by fsnt.future.futsoft.com
 (Integralis SMTPRS 2.04) with ESMTP id <B0000437327@fsnt.future.futsoft.com>;
 Sat, 01 Aug 1998 14:14:26 +0530
Received: from msgate.future.futsoft.com (msgate.future.futsoft.com [10.0.8.4]) by kailash.future.futsoft.com (8.7.1/8.7.1) with SMTP id NAA25616; Sat, 1 Aug 1998 13:28:32 +0530
Received: by msgate.future.futsoft.com with Microsoft Mail
	id <35C386A7@msgate.future.futsoft.com>; Sat, 01 Aug 98 14:20:39 PDT
From: vishwas <vishwas@future.futsoft.com>
To: "'rem-conf@es.net'" <rem-conf@es.net>
Cc: "'mbone-na@ISI.EDU'" <mbone-na@ISI.EDU>
Subject: Problem interop Linux <-> CISCO2503
Date: Sat, 01 Aug 98 14:09:00 PDT
Message-Id: <35C386A7@msgate.future.futsoft.com>
Encoding: 14 TEXT
X-Mailer: Microsoft Mail V3.0
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


Hi all,
 I am running DVMRP between Linux1.2.1 over a Serial Interface using   
slattach with SLIP encapsulation.
But now I have to test my setup with a cisco box 2503 IOS 11.2. I am   
unable to bring the Line protocol UP on the cisco box over the serial   
interface. I tried Sync, Async and almost all possibilities. Since cisco   
2503 has one ethernet and two serial interfaces, my testing is halted as   
I am unsuccessful in configuring SLIP on cisco serial interfaces.  I dont   
want to try PPP encapsulation right now. Can any body help me in   
configuring SLIP on CISCO to bring up the line protocol up.

Regards
vishwa



From rem-conf Sun Aug 02 01:54:12 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sun Aug 02 01:54:11 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z2taY-0007VY-00; Sun, 2 Aug 1998 01:33:58 -0700
Received: from dyn208-28-52-194.win.mnsi.net (MNSi.net) [208.28.52.194] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z2taN-0007Tz-00; Sun, 2 Aug 1998 01:33:49 -0700
To: <rem-conf@es.net>
From: <sensible@mnsi.net>
Subject: 175 channels of Satellite TV costs less than standard cable.
Date: Sun, 2 Aug 1998 00:58:35
Message-Id: <E0z2taN-0007Tz-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
<>DIGITAL SATELLITE TV FOR LESS THAN REGULAR CABLE<>
<>  INCLUDING ALL ADULT, SPORTS, MOVIE, AND PPV   <>
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>

 More than 175 channels of Digital Satellite TV, legally, for 
 less than you are paying for regular cable.

 Three 24 hour XXX adult networks.

 Every single college and professional sporting event.

 100's of movie choices per day.

 Unlimited FREE pay per views. 

 All channels in digital SVHS picture and CD quality sound.

 There are no extra costs.  Dish, receiver, and guaranteed
 'test' device are all included.

<><><><><><><><><><><><><>
<>CONSIDER THESE FACTS. <>
<><><><><><><><><><><><><>
 1) 'Test devices' allow you to 'test' (receive) every single DSS
    satellite channel available for FREE. 
 2) It is legal to use 'test' devices world wide and legal to
    sell them outside of the US.
 3) The DSS system (SKY in Europe) has always allowed 'testing' 
    and always will, because of a fundamental design error.
 4) DSS (Digital Satellite Systems) are cheaper than ever and can 
    be purchased for as little as $50.
 5) The Satellite Freedom Guide is only $5 and there is a money 
    back guarantee.
 6) You can call POWER2PEOPLE in Canada at 1-519-258-3754. 

 POWER2PEOPLE has been following the DSS 'testing' scene for 4
 years.  Our Satellite Freedom Guide completely describes
 everything you need to know, step by step, to get over 175
 channels for less than you are paying for cable right now.
 Upgrading from cable to full access satellite TV while saving
 money sounds too good to be true, but it is true and guaranteed.

 If you are interested, read on, if not please forward this email
 to friends.  We are not in the business of selling 'test' 
devices
 or satellite systems.  Our goal is to spread accurate and easy
 to understand instructions on how to get up and 'testing' as
 quickly, safely, and inexpensively as possible. 

 You can start enjoying all possible DSS broadcasts within a week 
 of receiving our guidebook.  It is completely legal because you 
 are 'testing' the function of your satellite hardware.  There 
 are over 175 channels in digital sound and picture and if you 
 have never seen the system, go to your local audio video 
 retailer and prepare to be amazed.

 Select from hundreds of FREE movie choices every day. You get 
 unlimited FREE Pay Per View's from over 100 selections per 
 month.  These are new movies and special events such as concerts
 and sports spectaculars.  There are also three 24 hour soft and
 hard core adult networks.

 Beyond enjoying Satellite TV, you will learn how to start 
 'cloning cards' for profit.  It is easy.  You will supply your 
 customers with what they want; TV that is FREE, with ultimate
 selection and better picture & sound than they have ever seen.

 Receiving every possible broadcast for FREE by 'testing' is 
truly
 incredible and improves your television experience in every way.

 THE SATELLITE FREEDOM GUIDE MAKES YOU A 'TESTING' EXPERT BY
 DESCRIBING EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW STEP BY STEP, INCLUDING:
   - What we would do if we were you and wanted to buy a 'test'
     device that was cheap, trouble free, and guaranteed.
   - All 'test' devices described: DDT's, B,L,T cards, emulators,
     combo cards, plastic cards, wedge cards, 3m cards etc.
   - Circuit schematics to build your own DDT card.
   - Full instructions to start 'cloning' & selling 'test' cards.
   - Full cloning hardware, software, and methods described.
   - Why test devices go down and why they always come back up.
   - ECM's (electronic counter measure) and how to avoid them.
   - How to deal with the satellite companies to get the most 
     out of 'testing'.
   - A full guide to 'test device' manufacturers.

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
<>POWER2PEOPLE WANTS YOU TO STOP PAYING FOR SOFTWARE TODAY<>
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
 Be aware of the truth that ALL popular software is easily
 downloadable from moving sites on the Internet.  This includes
 virtually every game and 95% of applications.  These are not
 shareware or crippled versions, but fully working copies.
 
 Formerly this practice was very complex and required specific
 and continually changing computer expertise.  That is over.
 Because of the explosion of the web, the method has become so 
 straight forward that anybody can do it with the right
 information.
 
 Please stop paying for software immediately.  Using software 
 without paying for it is obviously illegal but fortunately 
 for those who know how, downloading is 100% safe and easy.

 POWER2PEOPLE has been following the Internet 'warez' (internet 
 slang for pirated software) scene for over 8 years and we have 
 put all of our knowledge into the Software Freedom Guide.

 With the Software Freedom Guide in hand, the concept of paying 
 for software becomes laughable.  You will quickly begin to 
 download new pirated software every day.
 
 This step by step guide describes absolutely everything a 
 beginner needs to know to easily find active 'warez' sites, 
 download, uncompress, and install 'warez' immediately.

 You will have the resources of experienced software traders, and 
 system administrators at your fingertips.  You will learn all 
 about how to use FTP, IRC, and the World Wide Web to find and 
 download any software you want.  You will be downloading 
 software before it even reaches your local software retailer.

 Power2people has also included a new section which fully 
 describes how to make 'backups' of all your PC and Mac CD's, 
 audio CD's, and all Sony Playstation games.  All you need is a 
 CD burner, the correct information, and some readily available 
 shareware.  Some people even rent software and make 'backups'
 of them.  This is clearly illegal but we will tell you how so 
 you can make your own choice.

 There is no special computer knowledge required, all 
 instructions are covered.  You can call POWER2PEOPLE in Canada 
 at 1-519-258-3754. 

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
<>POWER2PEOPLE offers you a way to start bulk emailing  <>
<>your message to millions for the lowest startup cost. <>
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
 Send your message to 60 million email addresses for only $40
 with our 'Bulk Email Startup Kit'.  True freedom is freedom of
 speech and you can do it just like we do for the lowest price
 possible.

POWER2PEOPLE will send you the following:
1) 60 million sorted, cleaned email addresses and complete
   startup information on CD.  These lists are great, they are
   the lists we use. Your CD is not burned until your order
   arrives thus ensuring you the best lists.
2) Copies of the most powerful bulk mailing software for FREE.
   Using some of the techniques described in the Software Freedom
   Guide, we show you exactly how and where to download and
   register the most powerful bulk mailing software in existence.
   These are the premier titles in the industry and together
   these programs sell for over $850.00(US) but you will learn
   how to download them for FREE.  You can become your own mail
   server(MX) and directly deliver mail or send it through SMTP,
   these programs have it all and can fully cloak all headers
   possible.
3) Complete insiders guide to bulk mailing from A-Z including:
   message creation, list collection, list manipulation, how to
   maximize speed and  minimize detection, legal considerations
   including the Washington State law, and much more.

 Just search the web for 'bulk email' and you will see that our
 offer is the most complete and by far the least expensive on the
 internet.

<><><><><><>
<>PRICING <>
<><><><><><>
 Software Freedom Guide      - $5 + $3 shipping
 Satellite Freedom Guide     - $5 + $3 shipping 
 Both Guides                 - $8 + $4 shipping
 Bulk Email Startup Kit      - $40+ $0 shipping 
 Total Freedom (all products)- $45+ $0 shipping 

<><><><><><><><>
<>HOW TO ORDER<>
<><><><><><><><>
 Print out the disclaimer below and sign it.
 Send it, your postal address and email address, and US funds in
 the form of personal check, money order, bank draft, or cash to:

  Software Freedom Guide or
  Satellite Freedom Guide or
  Both Guides or
  Bulk Email Startup Kit or
  Total Freedom 

  c/o POWER2PEOPLE
  110 Eugenie Street West Suite 430 
  Windsor, Ontario 
  Canada, N8X 4Y6

 (Please note that POWER2PEOPLE can not be held liable for any
 receipt of cash. Postal money orders must be 'international' or
 your order can not be processed.  21 day wait for personal
 checks.  We can not process orders from Wisconsin residents.
 The Satellite Freedom Guide applies to DSS type systems only,
 DirecTV, USSB, and SKY in N. America, S. America, and Europe.) 

<><><><><><><>
<>GUARANTEE <>
<><><><><><><>
 If you are displeased in any way, simply return the Guide(s) to 
 us and we will send you a check for $3.50.  We regret that we 
can 
 not refund shipping and material costs.  The 'Bulk Email Startup 
 Kit' and 'Total Freedom' products can not be guaranteed. 

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
<>DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY<>
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
 My signature below indicates my agreement to the following two 
 paragraphs and that I am over 18 years of age.

  POWER2PEOPLE provides 'information' for educational purposes
  only.  The purchaser is responsible for consulting and adhering
  to any applicable laws and statutes in their area. POWER2PEOPLE
  does not endorse, advocate, recommend, advise, support, and
  shall not be held liable for the breaking of any law.

  IN NO EVENT WILL POWER2PEOPLE BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY (i) for
  any direct, indirect, special, punitive or consequential
  damages (including, but not limited to, damages for loss of
  business profits, business interruption, loss of programs or
  information, and the like), or any other damages arising in any
  way out of the availability, use, reliance on, or inability to
  use POWER2PEOPLE or any 'information', regardless of the form
  of action, whether in contract, tort, or otherwise; or (ii) for
  any claim attributable to errors, omissions, or other
  inaccuracies in or destructive properties of any 'information'.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



From rem-conf Sun Aug 02 15:47:20 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sun Aug 02 15:47:20 1998
Received: from list by mail2.es.net with local (Exim 1.92 #1)
	for rem-conf-dist@es.net
	id 0z36mQ-00044J-00; Sun, 2 Aug 1998 15:39:06 -0700
Received: from omzrelay.mcit.com ([166.37.204.49])
	by mail2.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #1)
	for rem-conf@es.net
	id 0z36mQ-000443-00; Sun, 2 Aug 1998 15:39:06 -0700
Received: from omta2.mcit.com.mci.com (omta2.mcit.com [166.37.204.3])
          by omzrelay.mcit.com (8.8.7/) with ESMTP
	  id RAA31818; Sun, 2 Aug 1998 17:36:17 -0500 (CDT)
Received: from sinnreich2 ([166.44.130.195]) by omta2.mcit.com.mci.com
          (Intermail v3.1 117 241) with SMTP
          id <19980802223617.ZOOO876@[166.44.130.195]>;
          Sun, 2 Aug 1998 17:36:17 -0500
From: "Henry Sinnreich" <henry.sinnreich@mci.com>
To: "Steven McCanne" <mccanne@cs.berkeley.edu>,
        "Brian Smithson" <brian@icast.com>
Cc: <rem-conf@es.net>
Subject: RE: First Virtual Corporation / ICAST press release
Date: Sun, 2 Aug 1998 17:35:42 -0500
Message-ID: <000d01bdbe65$e1ee3120$c3822ca6@sinnreich2.678.mciw>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook 8.5, Build 4.71.2173.0
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3
Importance: Normal
In-Reply-To: <3.0.5.32.19980731153827.0085ad10@pop.cs.berkeley.edu>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

I don't recall if Vinay Kumar has made a name for himslef in the MBONE work,
but if he turns it into a successful commercial product the more power to
him.

Henry Sinnreich
MCI

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Steven McCanne [mailto:mccanne@cs.berkeley.edu]
> Sent: Friday, July 31, 1998 5:38 PM
> To: Brian Smithson
> Cc: rem-conf@es.net
> Subject: Re: First Virtual Corporation / ICAST press release
>
>
> >Mr. Kumar
> >is a pioneer of Internet technology, having lead the team that
> architected
> >the delivery of multimedia over the Internet, known as the MBone.
>
> Brian,
>
> I realize Vinay Kumar set up a web site and wrote a descriptive book about
> our research community's work, but I don't recall that he made
> any specific
> contributions or maintained any leadership roles.  Does anyone
> else on this
> list?
>
> Steve
>
>
>




From rem-conf Sun Aug 02 21:38:47 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sun Aug 02 21:38:46 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z3CKA-0000d1-00; Sun, 2 Aug 1998 21:34:18 -0700
Received: from send1d.yahoomail.com [205.180.60.48] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z3CK9-0000cr-00; Sun, 2 Aug 1998 21:34:17 -0700
Message-ID: <19980803042731.29904.rocketmail@send1d.yahoomail.com>
Received: from [202.41.72.102] by send1d; Sun, 02 Aug 1998 21:27:31 PDT
Date: Sun, 2 Aug 1998 21:27:31 -0700 (PDT)
From: Arkesh Kumar <arkesh@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re:H.320 Codecs
To: rem-conf@es.net
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Hi
   I would like to know if any manufacturer provides a H.320 Codec
with an audio stereo pair.

With regards,

Arkesh




_________________________________________________________
DO YOU YAHOO!?
Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com




From rem-conf Mon Aug 03 09:49:36 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 03 09:49:35 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z3Nbk-00065k-00; Mon, 3 Aug 1998 09:37:12 -0700
Received: from zephyr.isi.edu [128.9.160.160] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z3Nbi-00065a-00; Mon, 3 Aug 1998 09:37:11 -0700
Received: from gra.isi.edu (gra.isi.edu [128.9.160.133])
	by zephyr.isi.edu (8.8.7/8.8.6) with SMTP id JAA07361
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Mon, 3 Aug 1998 09:37:10 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Mon, 3 Aug 1998 09:35:46 -0700
From: braden@ISI.EDU
Posted-Date: Mon, 3 Aug 1998 09:35:46 -0700
Message-Id: <199808031635.AA20376@gra.isi.edu>
Received: by gra.isi.edu (5.65c/4.0.3-6)
	id <AA20376>; Mon, 3 Aug 1998 09:35:46 -0700
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: RE: First Virtual Corporation / ICAST press release
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


  *> > >Mr. Kumar
  *> > >is a pioneer of Internet technology, having lead the team that
  *> > architected
  *> > >the delivery of multimedia over the Internet, known as the MBone.
  *> >

What's going on here?  The MBONE was architected by the two Steves:
Steve Deering and Steve Casner.

Bob Braden



From rem-conf Wed Aug 05 11:40:06 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 05 11:40:04 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z48Ie-0000SD-00; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 11:28:36 -0700
Received: from server1.ef.se (server1) [194.213.71.130] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z48Ic-0000S3-00; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 11:28:34 -0700
Received: by server1 with MERCUR-SMTP/POP3-Server (v2.10) for <rem-conf@es.net> at Wed, 5 Aug 98  11:33:39 +0100
To: mao6@lsi.usp.br
From: mao6@lsi.usp.br (guyrmo)
Comments: Authenticated sender is <mao6@lsi.usp.br>
Subject: Low AirFares--Cheaper than Airlines--Free AirFare Alert Service
Message-Id: <199808053382NAA28791@deremuv.se>
Date: Wed, 5 Aug 98  11:33:39 +0100
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


TravelNews keeps on-line travellers updated on Fare Wars, cruise and 
vacation specials, and other travel-related news.  To enroll in this 
FREE Email service, please see end of message.

Dear Client,  Special Preferred AirFares now available by 
phone.....Airfare outlook for the rest of 1998.....

Our Preferred Fares are now available by phone.  These special 
AirFares are lower than the Airlines themselves and lower than travel 
agencies.  We currently offer Preferred Fares with Delta, Northwest, 
Continental, United, and American (Caribbean only).  Call us for the 
best rates for travel in the US, Canada, the Caribbean, Europe, 
Central and South America, and more !!  800-672-1672  (9am-6pm EST)
**  Fully Bonded Airline Ticket supplier, serving clients worldwide 
since 1991.  **

(rates are discounts off lowest published fare by above carriers, 
must be purchased at least 7 days in advance and include a Saturday 
night stay, subject to availability)

You'll never pay regular rates again!!   800-672-1672  (9am-6pm EST)

Airfare Outlook for 1998......Most airlines continue to report record 
booking levels which will continue the trend of higher fares that we 
predicted at the beginning of this year.  Even though many carriers 
did offer sporadic "sales fares", the discounts were generally 
smaller and the "fare wars" fewer.  It is even more important to 
monitor fares closely during the 2nd half of 1998 and especially 
important to  BUY EARLY  !!  Remember that low fares for Holiday 
travel (Labor Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas) are currently available 
but will no doubt be selling out much sooner this year because demand 
will be higher.  If you wait too long to buy tickets, you could pay 
up to 50% more.

** Did you know that we have lower fares than on-line booking !! **
** Most transactions on-line take up to 40 minutes, ours take only 
5-10 minutes!!  **   800-672-1672   (9am-6pm EST)

TravelNews keeps on-line consumers updated on AirFares, Fare Wars, 
travel bargains, and other travel-related news.  If you would like a 
subscription to this FREE  news service, (no cost involved, all
addresses kept confidential,  can cancel at anytime, will receive
approximately 2-3 brief messages per month) call 919-383-0388  ext 11
DO NOT USE   REPLY button  !!

o
v
e
r
K



From rem-conf Wed Aug 05 11:56:02 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 05 11:56:01 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z48g0-000157-00; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 11:52:44 -0700
Received: from ihgw2.lucent.com [207.19.48.2] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z48fz-00014x-00; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 11:52:43 -0700
Received: from mtgbcs.mt.lucent.com by ihig2.firewall.lucent.com (SMI-8.6/EMS-L sol2)
	id NAA19322; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 13:41:29 -0500
Received: from lucent.com by  mtgbcs.mt.lucent.com (SMI-8.6/EMS-1.4 sol2)
	id OAA19571; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 14:56:01 -0400
Message-ID: <35C8A9B1.FCE15F68@lucent.com>
Date: Wed, 05 Aug 1998 14:51:29 -0400
From: A Rahim Choudhary <arc@lucent.com>
Organization: Lucent Technologies
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [en]C-EMS-1.3.1  (WinNT; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: request
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Please include me in this list. Thanks 
-- 
Phone and Fax: 732-957-7776	e-mail: arc@lucent.com
Dr. Abdur Rahim Choudhary, Bell Labs,
	Lucent Technologies, Cross Product Architecture Department, 
	200 Laurel Avenue, MT-4C-514, Middletown, NJ 07748, USA.



From rem-conf Thu Aug 06 17:25:12 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 06 17:25:11 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z4aBl-0000sk-00; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 17:15:21 -0700
Received: from mtiwmhc01.worldnet.att.net [204.127.131.36] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z4aBk-0000rR-00; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 17:15:20 -0700
Received: from brian-murphy ([12.68.156.210]) by mtiwmhc01.worldnet.att.net
          (InterMail v03.02.03 118 118 102) with SMTP
          id <19980806204301.CWPT4726@brian-murphy>;
          Thu, 6 Aug 1998 20:43:01 +0000
To: 
From: prodmgr@accessig.com
Bcc: rboston@tenet.edu, rc42@cornell.edu, rchapman@miranda.umds.ac.uk, rcollins@leif.ucs.mun.ca, rdixon@stargate.acs.ohio-state.edu, rdunbar@trystero.radio.com, rehn@cleo.murdoch.edu.au, rej@yacc.co.uk, rem-conf@es.net, reycla@yahoo.com, rfrisard@iamerica.net, rgardner@charon.mit.edu, rha94001@uconnvm.uconn.edu, rhayden@geekcode.com, rhjj60@email.sps.mot.com, richard.adams@picksys.com, rick.davies@picksys.com, rlc1@cornell.edu, rlevy01@fiu.edu, rlevy01@xlab1.fiu.edu
Subject: Cost Effective Services
Message-Id: <eaep.3.0.reg.PauDWM.36013.7031027778@mailhost.att.net>
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN charset=US-ASCII
content-length: 1174
Date: Thu, 6 Aug 1998 20:43:01 +0000
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


August 6, 1998
==============================================================================
                                        COST EFFECTIVE SERVICES
==============================================================================

Are you facing programming project that will stretch your budget???
Are you wasting your valuable resources on programming projects???

Our Internal staff performs services at very reasonable prices.

                                        * YEAR 2000 UPGRADES
                                    
                                        * MIGRATION OF APPLICATIONS

                                        * DATA CONVERSION

                                        * MIGRATE YOUR PICK TO VISUAL BASIC

The Access International Group offers you a combination of resources,  tools and experience to 
assist you in your project efforts. Our Proven technology and focus on returning economic benefits 
to our customers allows you to concentrate on your own business.

Many Development Environment, Languages, and Operating Systems supported.

For more information please call 973-360-0750 ext. 101, or email us at aftec@accessig.com







From rem-conf Thu Aug 06 20:02:00 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 06 20:01:58 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z4cjC-0002ZP-00; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 19:58:02 -0700
Received: from dirty.research.bell-labs.com [204.178.16.6] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z4cjB-0002ZF-00; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 19:58:01 -0700
Received: from zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.180.130.56]) by dirty; Thu Aug  6 22:56:34 EDT 1998
Received: from dnrc.bell-labs.com (arrakis [135.180.130.41])
	by zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id WAA00058
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 22:56:57 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35CA6C6E.45CEFF7D@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Thu, 06 Aug 1998 22:54:38 -0400
From: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Update of FEC draft
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Folks,

I have just submitted an updated version of the FEC draft to the
archives. Until it appears, you can get a copy from:

http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen/papers/draft-ietf-avt-fec-03.txt

The changes since the previous version are:

1. Recovery of the entire 32 bit timestamp, as agreed at the previous
meeting
2. Addition of a header and procedures for Reed Solomon based recovery
3. Textual description of recovery algorithm converted to C for clarity
4. Removal of references to Budge draft (now expired)
5. Clarification on what the f() operator is

Comments are most welcome, in particular on the section on R-S codes.

Thanks,
Jonathan R.
-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg                       Lucent Technologies
Member of Technical Staff                   101 Crawfords Corner Rd.
High Speed Networks Research                Holmdel, NJ 07733
FAX:   (732) 834-5379                       Rm. 4C-526
EMAIL: jdrosen@bell-labs.com
URL: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen



From rem-conf Fri Aug 07 13:06:59 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 07 13:06:59 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z4sgF-0005x5-00; Fri, 7 Aug 1998 13:00:03 -0700
Received: from dirty.research.bell-labs.com [204.178.16.6] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z4sgE-0005wv-00; Fri, 7 Aug 1998 13:00:02 -0700
Received: from zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.180.130.56]) by dirty; Fri Aug  7 15:58:06 EDT 1998
Received: from dnrc.bell-labs.com (arrakis [135.180.130.41])
	by zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id PAA22245
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Fri, 7 Aug 1998 15:58:22 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35CB5BD2.BAEA9E0B@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Fri, 07 Aug 1998 15:56:02 -0400
From: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: New draft available
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Folks,

Henning an I have just submitted a draft to the archives entitled
"Issues with RTP Sampling". It discusses a number of problems we have
found with the RTP SSRC sampling algorithm, and proposes simple fixes to
all of them. Until the draft appears in the archives, you can pick up
copies at:

http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen/papers/draft-ietf-avt-rtpsample-00.txt
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen/papers/draft-ietf-avt-rtpsample-00.ps

The PS is better since there are some plots and equations.

Comments welcome.

-Jonathan R.

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg                       Lucent Technologies
Member of Technical Staff                   101 Crawfords Corner Rd.
High Speed Networks Research                Holmdel, NJ 07733
FAX:   (732) 834-5379                       Rm. 4C-526
EMAIL: jdrosen@bell-labs.com
URL: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen



From rem-conf Sat Aug 08 03:27:12 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sat Aug 08 03:27:11 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z5623-0004fj-00; Sat, 8 Aug 1998 03:15:27 -0700
Received: from lu-s1.zid.khs-linz.ac.at [193.170.96.105] (root)
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z5622-0004fZ-00; Sat, 8 Aug 1998 03:15:26 -0700
Received: from khsa.khs-linz.ac.at (s08haau0.zid.khs-linz.ac.at [193.170.96.98])
	by lu-s1.zid.khs-linz.ac.at (8.9.1/8.8.8) with ESMTP id MAA02586;
	Sat, 8 Aug 1998 12:13:16 +0200
Received: from S08HAAU0/SpoolDir by khsa.khs-linz.ac.at (Mercury 1.43);
    8 Aug 98 12:26:50 GMT+1
Received: from SpoolDir by S08HAAU0 (Mercury 1.43); 8 Aug 98 12:26:27 GMT+1
Received: from khsa.khs-linz.ac.at (193.170.98.102) by khsa.khs-linz.ac.at (Mercury 1.43) with ESMTP;
    8 Aug 98 12:26:20 GMT+1
Message-ID: <35CC2478.D3D10D71@khsa.khs-linz.ac.at>
Date: Sat, 08 Aug 1998 12:12:09 +0200
From: Schahram Dustdar <dustdar@khsa.khs-linz.ac.at>
Organization: Center for Informatics, University of Art and Industrial Design
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: mbone@isi.edu, confctrl@isi.edu, rem-conf@es.net
CC: Gertjan Hofstede <gertjan.hofstede@users.info.wau.nl>
Subject: Mbone questionaire
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by lu-s1.zid.khs-linz.ac.at id MAA02586
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

* Sorry if you receive this mail more than once ! *

Dear colleague,

We are two researchers working with the MBone-tools since 1993 and are
interested in understanding and promoting their usage in an
organizational and international context. We would like to ask you for
20 minutes of your time to fill in this questionnaire since you are
experts in MBone videoconferencing. We will present the results and mail
them to all interested respondents.

Please send your answer to gertjan.hofstede@users.info.wau.nl

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Schahram Dustdar and Gertjan Hofstede
-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------------
Videoconferencing questionnaire

Remarks:
Floor control deals with the question of who is allowed to have the
temporary monopoly to distribute signals to the other participants (such
as audio, video or shared data).
Side chatting is private communication between two or more people
involved in a videoconference.

Personalia
1. How old are you?
2. What is your nationality?
3. Are you female or male?
4. What is your job title?
5. Of how many people are you boss?
6. In what type of organization do you work? (Profit, government,
academic, other non-profit)
7. How many videoconferences have you attended within your organization?
8. How many videoconferences have you attended between organizations?
9. How many videoconferences have you initiated?

Context=20
1. How well do you usually know your conference partners? (1 very well,
5 not at all)
2. How many participants are usually in the videoconference ?
3. How much time elapses between the call for the videoconference and
the actual videoconference? (hours, days, weeks, months)
4. What type of tasks do the videoconferences address ? (1 always .. 5
never)
=B7 Group Setup
=B7 Brainstorming
=B7 Briefing
=B7 Discussion
=B7 Planning
=B7 Negotiation
=B7 Evaluation of Project
=B7 Try out of technology
=B7 Other: ........
5. Which other applications do you use during a videoconfence?
6. How many time zones does the videoconference usually span?

Preparation of a videoconference (Please give a descriptive answer)

1. When and how do you decide on the floor control of audio, video and
shared data?=20
2. When and how do you decide on note taking during the
videoconference? =20
3. When and how do you decide on the agenda for the meeting?=20

During a videoconference=20

1. Compared to face-to-face meetings, how problematic is concurrent
speaking? (1 much more so ... 5 much less so)
2. Compared to face-to-face meetings, how problematic is it to know
exactly who is talking at the moment? (1 much more so ... 5 much less
so)
3. Is screen space a limiting factor ? (1 very much ... 5 not at all)
4. What monitor size do you use (inches)?
5. Compared to face-to-face meetings, how easy is it to reach agreement
in a videoconference? (1 much easier ... 5 much more difficult)=20
6. Compared to face-to-face meetings, how often have you experienced
strong "intellectual" disagreement in a videoconference ? (1 much more
often .. 5 much less often)
7. Compared to face-to-face meetings, how often have you experienced
strong "personal resentment" in a videoconference ? (1 much more often
.. 5 much less often)
8. Have you experienced culture clashes using videoconferences? (if yes
please explain)

In a hypothetical ideal videoconferencing environment, what features
would you wish to see (1 very much ... not at all 5:):
1. Would you like to have anonymous features in videoconferencing tools?
(eg. In the shared whiteboard)
2. Would you like to have a "speaking meter" in the audio tool in order
to measure
how long each participant talks?
3. Would you like to allow "side-chatting" in videoconferencing tools?
4. Would you like to have features to keep track of the meeting's
progress ? If yes which features?=20

The next three questions are open ended:

5. What features would be needed in order to promote that every
participant freely expresses his/her ideas?
6. How do the videoconferencing participants signal the conference chair
that they want
to say something? =20
7. Would you like to have work-related background information of your
conference participants? (such as: which projects is the other person
responsible for, to whom does he report, when is the deadline for the
project, etc.) If yes, what information ?

Conclusion=20
1. Who does the documentation of the minutes? (open?)
2. Are they provided on a web-page afterwards? =20
3. If yes, how long does it take until they appear on the
Intranet/Internet?
4. Do you use them after the meeting ? (1 very intensively ... 5 not at
all)
5. Reading the minutes afterwards, would you like to play back the
6. audio/video streams of the meeting?
7. In your opinion, what are the main differences between face-to-face
meetings and videoconferences?=20
8. In your opinion, what are the main do's and don'ts?
9. In the future, how important will videoconferencing grow to be ? (1
crucial ...5 insignificant)


Would you like to receive the results of this questionaire?

Thank you very much for your cooperation!
-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-----
--
Dr.Schahram Dustdar=20
University of Art and Industrial Design
Center for Informatics Services (ZID)
Head of Department
Hauptplatz 8, A-4010 Linz-Austria/Europe
eMail:  dustdar@khsa.khs-linz.ac.at
Home:   http://www.khs-linz.ac.at/~dustdar
WWW:    http://www.khs-linz.ac.at
Tel:    XX43-732-7898-260
Fax:    XX43-732-783508
--------------------------------------------
Austrian Multimedia National Support Centre=20
for multimedia conferencing support



From rem-conf Sun Aug 09 18:12:45 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sun Aug 09 18:12:44 1998
Received: from list by mail2.es.net with local (Exim 1.92 #1)
	for rem-conf-dist@es.net
	id 0z5gJH-0005dn-00; Sun, 9 Aug 1998 17:59:39 -0700
Received: from yukawa.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp ([130.54.107.20])
	by mail2.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #1)
	for rem-conf@ES.NET
	id 0z5gJF-0005dd-00; Sun, 9 Aug 1998 17:59:37 -0700
Received: from JPNYITP.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp (jpnyitp.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp [130.54.107.10])
	by yukawa.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp (8.9.1+3.0W/3.7W-yukawa) with SMTP id JAA03917;
	Mon, 10 Aug 1998 09:58:22 +0900 (JST)
Date: Mon, 10 Aug 1998 09:58:22 +0900 (JST)
Received: from JPNYITP.YUKAWA.KYOTO-U.AC.JP by JPNYITP.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp
   (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 9000; Sun, 09 Aug 98 19:39:06 JST
Received: from JPNYITP (NJE origin SMTP@JPNYITP) by JPNYITP.YUKAWA.KYOTO-U.AC.JP (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 8999; Sun, 9 Aug 1998 19:38:57 +0000
Received: from localhost by JPNYITP.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp (IBM VM SMTP V2R2)
   with TCP; Sun, 09 Aug 98 19:38:53 JST
To: bobuijui95@kola.dcu.ie
From: bobuijui95@kola.dcu.ie (grynomu)
Comments: Authenticated sender is <bobuijui95@kola.dcu.ie>
Subject:   direct-email-secrets & stumbling blocks
Message-Id: <199808092127UAA7655@gasuvo.crol.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


 REACH NEW PROSPECTS - WITHOUT THE TECHNICAL HASSLE !

 DO YOU KNOW HOW MOST DIRECT EMAILERS STUMBLE?

 Direct email uses similar principles involved in the familiar model
 of direct postal mail. If done correctly, one's success is sure to
 come. If not performed correctly, then it becomes a case of luck.

 THE 4 BASIC PRINCIPLE OF DIRECT EMAIL:

 These basic steps are what the professional, consistent and
 successful direct emailers use. They are the foundation and root of
 the direct email model. These include the following:

  1. Consistently accessing new and fresh lists
  2. Consistently updating lists
  3. Consistently sending your ad at reasonable intervals
      (repetition is the key = look at TV commercials)
  4. Optimizing your ad and  subject to a more "order pulling" ad

 DO YOU KNOW AIDA?

 AIDA is an acronym of the model used in creating powerful and
 effective sales letters, which is widely used in advertising today.
 Grab one of several direct mail and direct email letters and read
 them. The effective letters follow AIDA. What's AIDA stand for?

       A    =    grab the prospect's "ATTENTION"
       I     =    create "INTEREST" by providing some information
       D    =    create stimulaton the produces "DESIRE"
       A    =    demand immediate "ACTION"

 Do you need current and supplemental prospect email lists ?
 Do you need fresh lists every day, every week or every month ?
 Do you need more new prospects - never reached before ?

 If you answered yes, our List Update Service will provide you
 NEW and FRESH email contacts.

 NEVER RUN OUT OF EMAIL PROSPECTS ! !
 __________________________________________

 MORE INFO (24 hrs): 626-839-3835 (US)
 __________________________________________

 18



From rem-conf Mon Aug 10 08:37:40 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 10 08:37:40 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z5tur-0001s3-00; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 08:31:21 -0700
Received: from odin.ietf.org (ietf.org) [132.151.1.176] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z5tuq-0001r1-00; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 08:31:20 -0700
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.8.5/8.8.7a) with ESMTP id LAA25127;
	Mon, 10 Aug 1998 11:30:15 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199808101530.LAA25127@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: IETF-Announce: ;
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Reply-to: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mib-02.txt
Date: Mon, 10 Aug 1998 11:30:14 -0400
Sender: cclark@ns.cnri.reston.va.us
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Real-Time Transport Protocol Management Information Base
	Author(s)	: S. Naudus, M. Baugher, J. Du
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mib-02.txt
	Pages		: 27
	Date		: 07-Aug-98
	
This memo defines an experimental  Management Information Base
(MIB) for use with network management protocols in
TCP/IP-based internets.  In particular, it defines objects for
managing Real-Time Transport Protocol systems [1].  Comments
should be made to the IETF Audio/Video Transport Working Group
at rem-conf@es.net.
 
This memo does not specify a standard for the Internet
community.

Internet-Drafts are available by anonymous FTP.  Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address.  After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mib-02.txt".
A URL for the Internet-Draft is:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mib-02.txt

Internet-Drafts directories are located at:

	Africa:	ftp.is.co.za
	
	Europe: ftp.nordu.net
		ftp.nis.garr.it
			
	Pacific Rim: munnari.oz.au
	
	US East Coast: ftp.ietf.org
	
	US West Coast: ftp.isi.edu

Internet-Drafts are also available by mail.

Send a message to:	mailserv@ietf.org.  In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mib-02.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980807104801.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mib-02.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mib-02.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980807104801.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--





From rem-conf Mon Aug 10 18:30:16 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 10 18:30:16 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6313-0000I3-00; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 18:14:21 -0700
Received: from client-151-204-207-86.bellatlantic.net (smpt1.ignats.com) [151.204.207.86] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z630z-0000HN-00; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 18:14:17 -0700
To: <rem-conf-request@es.net>
From: <rodeostuff@secure-server.net>
Subject: Wholesale Catalog - Indian rugs, Pottery, Artifacts
Date: Sat, 8 Aug 1998 07:35:52
Message-Id: <E0z630z-0000HN-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


  

Attention: Store owners and Independent dealers. You can buy 
Direct from
our American owned company with factories in Mexico.Hand-woven 
wool rugs,
blankets, tablemats, and saddleblankets. Pottery, Leather goods, 
Longhorns,
cowhides, purses. Indian style Kachina dolls,saddles, Mandellas,
Dreamcatchers, sandpaintings, drums and Artifacts of all kinds. 
see Mexican
sarapes, Sombreros, 
Baja shirts, hand-forged branding irons, Bells, imported knives. 
 .....For
28 years we have supplied quality western style merchandise to 
thousands of
stores and dealers. join our Fax Club to keep informed on latest 
specials,
closeouts and new products. Dealers Needed in all states to work 
event
sales, Rodeos, Craft shows, 
Swap Meets, and roadside selling.Buy Direct and Save Big !!! 
Visit our
36,000  sq. ft. warehouse in El Paso.
   Contact us today for a FREE  COLOR WHOLESALE  CATALOG .. El 
Paso
Saddleblanket Co.  601 N. Oregon st.   El Paso, Tx 79901  
telephone  915
544 1000   or fax 915 533 7209   30 Day Money-Back guarantee  







 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



From rem-conf Mon Aug 10 23:19:33 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 10 23:19:33 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z67iK-0002gC-00; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 23:15:20 -0700
Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.5.31] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z67iJ-0002g2-00; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 23:15:19 -0700
Received: from rat.cs.ucl.ac.uk by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP 
          id <g.00982-0@bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk>; Tue, 11 Aug 1998 07:15:12 +0100
To: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
cc: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Update of FEC draft
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 06 Aug 1998 22:54:38 EDT." <35CA6C6E.45CEFF7D@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 1998 07:15:08 +0200
Message-ID: <3767.902816108@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
From: Orion Hodson <O.Hodson@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

<35CA6C6E.45CEFF7D@dnrc.bell-labs.com>Jonathan Rosenberg writes:
> I have just submitted an updated version of the FEC draft to the
> archives.
> ...
> Comments are most welcome, in particular on the section on R-S codes.

Jonathan

I am not sure the RS codes are completely specified and whether they
fit into this draft.  Otherwise, it is much cleaner than the earlier
drafts in this direction and merits support.  

Kind Regards

- Orion
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Research Student       Networked Multimedia Research Group
Department of Computer Science, University College London,
Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.  Tel: (0)171 419 3704.
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

draft-ietf-avt-fec-03-comments.txt:

2 Introduction
--------------

The justification for FEC in multicast could be that receivers have a
mixture of shared and unique loss patterns.  By applying FEC, you can
address these loss patterns across the receivers.  If losses were just
shared, retransmission is arguably better.  

There is an implicit assumption that losses are not due to congestion
in the first branches downstream from the source.

5 Parity Codes
--------------

Scheme 2 generates FEC data only, there is no "original media".  Only
applications aware of the FEC payload format will be able to decode
any part of this stream.

Scheme 3 as shown in not complete and notation differs from other
examples:

> a,b,c,d,e,f -> f(a), f(b), f(a,b,c), f(c), f(a,c,d), f(a,b,d), f(d), ...

Would be better written as:

a,b,c,d -> a, b, f(a,b,c), c, f(a,c,d), f(a,b,d), d, f(b,c,d)

Also, statement about 4 packet delays is not clear.  If a receiver
gets b,f(a,c,d),f(a,b,d),d then the delay in decoding packet a from
when it should have originally arrived is 7 packets.

8 FEC Packet Structure
----------------------

The parity header you have defined is compatible with a wide range of
linear codes (parity, Hamming, etc...) and you can write a brute force
decoder that throughs up variations of associated packets to get your
media data out.  The cost of this is not particularly high, but if you
explicitly state what the scheme is you can write a more efficient
decoder, you have an exact measure of how long decoding takes and be
able to determine when decoding will fail.  The delay makes life
easier for application developers, and knowledge of when sequences
will fail means lower memory overhead.

A modern response is that efficiency isn't a concern here, we can
work out the delay by inspecting a few packets, and we can timeout
data and have ample memory anyway.  

6 Reed Solomon Codes
--------------------

I believe there is a fundamental problem with RS codes and the goals
of this draft.  There is no natural division of the output of a RS
encoder into data bits and parity bits.  RS transforms the input k
bits into a unique set of n bits.  The original k bits do not appear
in the outgoing n bits.  RS codes are attractive because they have
maximal separation between codewords and so have good
error-correcting/detecting properties.  To achieve maximal separation
distance the k bits are mapped into n bits in different space.  Hence
no overlap, and no separability.

It is not entirely clear to me that you can achieve low latency RS
coding because the number of packets over which it is applied is large
c*2**m.  If you can tolerate a large delay, there is a wide range of
reliable multicast data delivery protocols that could be employed.  It
maybe better not to specify a payload for RS codes until someone in
the group has an implementation, and has experimented with it.

Also, references to RS encoding would be useful especially, the original
papers: 

"Polynomial Codes Over Certain Finite Fields", Reed, I.S. and Solomon,
G., Journal of the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics
(SIAM), Vol 8, No 2, pp300-304.

"A New Treatment of Bose-Chaudhuri Codes", Mattson, H.F and Solomon,
G., Journal of the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics
(SIAM), Vol 9, No 4, pp654-669.

8.2 Reed Solomon Header
-----------------------

The header should include the field over which the code is generated
to completely specifiy the code.  Fields in RS lit are usually 2**m so
the field component could be compactly represented by m.

Section 17 Bibliography
-----------------------

Not to claim undue credit or leave anybody out:

Ref [2] should begin C.Perkins and O.Hodson.

Ref [3] should begin C.Perkins, I.Kouvelas, O.Hodson, V.Hardman,
M. Handley, J.C. Bolot, A.Vega-Garcia, S. Fosse-Parisis.








From rem-conf Tue Aug 11 05:58:46 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 11 05:58:45 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6DuY-00060e-00; Tue, 11 Aug 1998 05:52:22 -0700
Received: from dirty.research.bell-labs.com [204.178.16.6] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6DuX-00060T-00; Tue, 11 Aug 1998 05:52:21 -0700
Received: from zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.180.130.56]) by dirty; Tue Aug 11 08:51:26 EDT 1998
Received: from dnrc.bell-labs.com (arrakis [135.180.130.41])
	by zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id IAA14783;
	Tue, 11 Aug 1998 08:51:44 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35D03DC8.9BDC8688@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 1998 08:49:12 -0400
From: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Orion Hodson <O.Hodson@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
CC: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Update of FEC draft
References: <3767.902816108@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Orion Hodson wrote:
> 
> <35CA6C6E.45CEFF7D@dnrc.bell-labs.com>Jonathan Rosenberg writes:
> > I have just submitted an updated version of the FEC draft to the
> > archives.
> > ...
> > Comments are most welcome, in particular on the section on R-S codes.
> 
> Jonathan
> 
> I am not sure the RS codes are completely specified and whether they
> fit into this draft.  Otherwise, it is much cleaner than the earlier
> drafts in this direction and merits support.
> 
> Kind Regards
> 
> - Orion
> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
> Research Student       Networked Multimedia Research Group
> Department of Computer Science, University College London,
> Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.  Tel: (0)171 419 3704.
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
> 
> draft-ietf-avt-fec-03-comments.txt:
> 
> 2 Introduction
> --------------
> 
> The justification for FEC in multicast could be that receivers have a
> mixture of shared and unique loss patterns.  By applying FEC, you can
> address these loss patterns across the receivers.  If losses were just
> shared, retransmission is arguably better.
> 
> There is an implicit assumption that losses are not due to congestion
> in the first branches downstream from the source.

I'll add some text to clarify that.

> 
> 5 Parity Codes
> --------------
> 
> Scheme 2 generates FEC data only, there is no "original media".  Only
> applications aware of the FEC payload format will be able to decode
> any part of this stream.

Yes. I don't think the draft requires that you send original media;
there will certainly be applications where everyone may have FEC (some
kind of local conference, perhaps) and thus this is certainly
appropriate. I see no reason to rule it out.

> 
> Scheme 3 as shown in not complete and notation differs from other
> examples:
> 
> > a,b,c,d,e,f -> f(a), f(b), f(a,b,c), f(c), f(a,c,d), f(a,b,d), f(d), ...
> 
> Would be better written as:
> 
> a,b,c,d -> a, b, f(a,b,c), c, f(a,c,d), f(a,b,d), d, f(b,c,d)

OK; I'll change. Thanks.

> 
> Also, statement about 4 packet delays is not clear.  If a receiver
> gets b,f(a,c,d),f(a,b,d),d then the delay in decoding packet a from
> when it should have originally arrived is 7 packets.

Hmm.. I had taken this number from the original Budge draft; it does
seem like 7. I'll change.

> 
> 8 FEC Packet Structure
> ----------------------
> 
> The parity header you have defined is compatible with a wide range of
> linear codes (parity, Hamming, etc...) and you can write a brute force
> decoder that throughs up variations of associated packets to get your
> media data out.  The cost of this is not particularly high, but if you
> explicitly state what the scheme is you can write a more efficient
> decoder, you have an exact measure of how long decoding takes and be
> able to determine when decoding will fail.  The delay makes life
> easier for application developers, and knowledge of when sequences
> will fail means lower memory overhead.

In fact, we do explicitly state what the scheme is. If you collect the
offset masks from the FEC packets in a block, you end up with the matrix
used to generate the code. This is a very explicit definition of what
the code is. It will give you the time required to decode and tell you
when it will fail. You'll have to recheck to see if the code has changed
for each block, but that doesn't seem that problematic.

The strength of the mechanism is that a decoder can be constructed,
which, as you say, works by brute force to decode independent of details
of the particular code. This affords great flexibility in allowing
operation over a wide range of scenarios. It also means that encoders
can be highly adaptive and diverse, and the mechanisms still work.

> 
> A modern response is that efficiency isn't a concern here, we can
> work out the delay by inspecting a few packets, and we can timeout
> data and have ample memory anyway.

I'm not even sure its so wasteful. There's a natural delay limitation
imposed by the playout buffer. You only need bother to keep FEC packets
which are associated with sequence numbers higher than the current
playout point. With a playout buffer limit of, say, 500ms, and 30ms per
packet, where talking about 16 data packets. For a reasonable code, say
(3,5), thats 10 FEC packets. This doesn't seem so awful, and its an
upper bound. You can also throw the FEC packets away when all of the
data packets associated with it are present, and also once you've used
it.

> 
> 6 Reed Solomon Codes
> --------------------
> 
> I believe there is a fundamental problem with RS codes and the goals
> of this draft.  There is no natural division of the output of a RS
> encoder into data bits and parity bits.  RS transforms the input k
> bits into a unique set of n bits.  The original k bits do not appear
> in the outgoing n bits.  RS codes are attractive because they have
> maximal separation between codewords and so have good
> error-correcting/detecting properties.  To achieve maximal separation
> distance the k bits are mapped into n bits in different space.  Hence
> no overlap, and no separability.

Hmm. I was under the (apparently mistaken) assumption that the original
k packets were still present in the output. This would present a
problem.

> 
> It is not entirely clear to me that you can achieve low latency RS
> coding because the number of packets over which it is applied is large
> c*2**m.  If you can tolerate a large delay, there is a wide range of
> reliable multicast data delivery protocols that could be employed.  It
> maybe better not to specify a payload for RS codes until someone in
> the group has an implementation, and has experimented with it.

What is c and m above? I also don't see why, fundamentally, RS codes
cannot be applied over reasonably small block sizes.

> 
> Also, references to RS encoding would be useful especially, the original
> papers:
> 
> "Polynomial Codes Over Certain Finite Fields", Reed, I.S. and Solomon,
> G., Journal of the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics
> (SIAM), Vol 8, No 2, pp300-304.
> 
> "A New Treatment of Bose-Chaudhuri Codes", Mattson, H.F and Solomon,
> G., Journal of the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics
> (SIAM), Vol 9, No 4, pp654-669.

I'll add them.

> 
> 8.2 Reed Solomon Header
> -----------------------
> 
> The header should include the field over which the code is generated
> to completely specifiy the code.  Fields in RS lit are usually 2**m so
> the field component could be compactly represented by m.

The draft states that the payload type is used to indicate this. 

> 
> Section 17 Bibliography
> -----------------------
> 
> Not to claim undue credit or leave anybody out:
> 
> Ref [2] should begin C.Perkins and O.Hodson.
> 
> Ref [3] should begin C.Perkins, I.Kouvelas, O.Hodson, V.Hardman,
> M. Handley, J.C. Bolot, A.Vega-Garcia, S. Fosse-Parisis.

I'll fix.

Thanks,
Jonathan R.
-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg                       Lucent Technologies
Member of Technical Staff                   101 Crawfords Corner Rd.
High Speed Networks Research                Holmdel, NJ 07733
FAX:   (732) 834-5379                       Rm. 4C-526
EMAIL: jdrosen@bell-labs.com
URL: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen



From rem-conf Tue Aug 11 10:03:30 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 11 10:03:29 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6HjP-0001FX-00; Tue, 11 Aug 1998 09:57:07 -0700
Received: from odin.ietf.org (ietf.org) [132.151.1.176] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6HjO-0001F9-00; Tue, 11 Aug 1998 09:57:06 -0700
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.8.5/8.8.7a) with ESMTP id MAA17927;
	Tue, 11 Aug 1998 12:56:02 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199808111656.MAA17927@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: IETF-Announce: ;
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Reply-to: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-redundancy-revised-00.txt
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 1998 12:56:01 -0400
Sender: cclark@ns.cnri.reston.va.us
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: RTP Payload for Redundant Audio Data
	Author(s)	: C. Perkins, I. Kouvelas, O. Hodson, V. Hardman, 
                          M. Handley, J. Bolot, A. Vega-Garcia, S. Fosse-Parisis
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-redundancy-revised-00.txt
	Pages		: 11
	Date		: 10-Aug-98
	
    This document describes a payload format for use with the
    real-time transport protocol (RTP), version 2, for encoding
    redundant audio data.  The primary motivation for the scheme
    described herein is the development of audio conferencing
    tools for use with lossy packet networks such as the Internet
    Mbone, although this scheme is not limited to such applications.

Internet-Drafts are available by anonymous FTP.  Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address.  After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-redundancy-revised-00.txt".
A URL for the Internet-Draft is:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-redundancy-revised-00.txt

Internet-Drafts directories are located at:

	Africa:	ftp.is.co.za
	
	Europe: ftp.nordu.net
		ftp.nis.garr.it
			
	Pacific Rim: munnari.oz.au
	
	US East Coast: ftp.ietf.org
	
	US West Coast: ftp.isi.edu

Internet-Drafts are also available by mail.

Send a message to:	mailserv@ietf.org.  In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-redundancy-revised-00.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980810153249.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-redundancy-revised-00.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-redundancy-revised-00.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980810153249.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--





From rem-conf Tue Aug 11 10:03:30 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 11 10:03:28 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6Hiw-0001FL-00; Tue, 11 Aug 1998 09:56:38 -0700
Received: from odin.ietf.org (ietf.org) [132.151.1.176] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6Hiv-0001F5-00; Tue, 11 Aug 1998 09:56:37 -0700
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.8.5/8.8.7a) with ESMTP id MAA17786;
	Tue, 11 Aug 1998 12:55:34 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199808111655.MAA17786@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: IETF-Announce: ;
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Reply-to: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-fec-03.txt
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 1998 12:55:34 -0400
Sender: cclark@ns.cnri.reston.va.us
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: An RTP Payload Format for Generic Forward 
                          Error Correction
	Author(s)	: J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-fec-03.txt
	Pages		: 17
	Date		: 10-Aug-98
	
   This document specifies a payload format for generic forward error
   correction of media encapsulated in RTP. It is engineered for FEC
   algorithms based on the exclusive or (parity) operation or Reed Solo-
   mon codes, although it can be used with other techniques. The payload
   format allows end systems to transmit using arbitrary block lengths
   and parity schemes. It also allows for the recovery of both the pay-
   load and critical RTP header fields. Since FEC is sent as a separate
   stream, it is backwards compatible with non-FEC capable hosts, so
   that receivers which do not wish to implement FEC can just ignore the
   extensions.

Internet-Drafts are available by anonymous FTP.  Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address.  After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-fec-03.txt".
A URL for the Internet-Draft is:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-fec-03.txt

Internet-Drafts directories are located at:

	Africa:	ftp.is.co.za
	
	Europe: ftp.nordu.net
		ftp.nis.garr.it
			
	Pacific Rim: munnari.oz.au
	
	US East Coast: ftp.ietf.org
	
	US West Coast: ftp.isi.edu

Internet-Drafts are also available by mail.

Send a message to:	mailserv@ietf.org.  In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-fec-03.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980810150115.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-fec-03.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-fec-03.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980810150115.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--





From rem-conf Wed Aug 12 00:54:18 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 12 00:54:16 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6VXu-0000rK-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 00:42:10 -0700
Received: from mail1s.biglobe.ne.jp [210.147.14.241] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6VXd-0000qS-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 00:41:54 -0700
Received: from mail-gw.biglobe.ne.jp (mailsv15.biglobe.ne.jp [210.147.14.248]) by mail1s.biglobe.ne.jp (8.8.8+2.7Wbeta7/3.5Wpl7-98042010) with ESMTP id FAA20899; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 05:36:01 +0900 (JST)
From: adm@pu.go.id
Received: from mailsv15.biglobe.ne.jp by mail-gw.biglobe.ne.jp (8.8.8/3.6W-INET_GW)
	id FAA27527; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 05:34:45 +0900 (JST)
Date: Mon, 10 Aug 98 04:35:41 EST
To: Friend@public.com
Subject: HELP all women were raped during the May riots in Jakarta
Message-ID: <>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

We Promise that we will throw a nuclear bomb to Indonesia to 
destroy this besterd Islam country, if they still persecute our chinese.

B J Habibie, we will kill you if you don't settle this case.

see what they do!    http://lateline.muzi.net/topics/Indonesian_atrocity/
http://muzi.net

¦L¥§¬F©²email:dkiweb@indo.net.id
¦L¥§¥~¥æ³¡Home Page: http://www.deplu.go.id
¥»¦¸¨Æ¥óªººô­¶: http://members.spree.com/expose/
http://dailynews.sinanet.com/focus/1998071402/index.html

FORWARDED FROM MISSIONNET'S URGENT PRAYER NETWORK
    ___________________________________________________________
Source: Christian Leaders Association
¨Ó·½:¤Ñ¥D±Ð»â³S¨ó·|

21 June, 1998. Jakarta, Indonesia
1998¦~6¤ë21¤é,¦L¥§¶®¥[¹F

Dear friends,

(¿Ë·RªºªB¤Í)
Here I submit a victim's account of being raped during the
May riots here in Jakarta. Reference to Huaran Bulletin
Board June 12, 1998.
(³o¸Ì§Ú·Q§i¶D¤j®a¦³Ãö¤­¤ë¼É°Ê®É¦b¶®¥[¹Fµo¥Íªº
±j¼É¨Æ¥ó,³o¬O§Ú±q¤µ¦~6¤ë12¤éªºHuaran§G§iª©¤¤±oª¾ªº)

The purpose is to request your prayers for hundreds of
similar victims.
(§Æ±æ¤j®a¯à¬°³o¨ÇÄë¬¹ªÌ¬èÃ«)

"My name is Vivian, and I am 18 years old. I have a little
sister and brother. As a family we live in what is supposed
to be a "secure" apartment.
("§Ú¥sVivian,¤µ¦~18·³.§Ú¦³¤@­Ó©f©f©M§Ì§Ì,¦í¦b¤@´É³Q»{
¬°¬O¦w¥þªº¤½´J)

At 9.15 am, May 14th, 1998 a huge crowd had gathered around
our apartment. They screamed, "Let's butcher the Chinese!",
"Let's eat pigs!", "Let's have a party!" We live of the 7th
floor and we  got a call from a family on the 3rd floor
saying that the crowd had reached the 2nd floor. They even
chased some occupants upstairs. We were all very frightened.
In our fright we prayed and left everything in God's hands.
(1998¦~5¤ë14¤é¤W¤È9ÂI15¤À,¤@¸s¤HÂô¶i§Ú­Ìªº¤½´J
¥L­Ì³ÛµÛ"§Ú­Ì­n±þ¤FµØ¤H!","§Ú­Ì§â½Þ¦Y¤F!",§Ú­Ì¦í¦b
¤C¼Ó,¤T¼Óªº®a¤H§i¶D§Ú­Ì¨º¸s¤H¤w¸g¨ì¤F¤G¼Ó,¥L­Ì¬Æ
¦Ü°lµÛ¦í¤á¤W¨Ó,§Ú­Ì³£³QÀ~Ãa¤F,¥u¯à¦b®£Äß¤¤¬èÃ«,±N
¤@¤Á¥æµ¹¤W«Ò)

Afterward we left our room and went upstairs to the top
floor, as it was impossible to go downstairs and escape. We
got to the 15th floor and stayed with some friends. Not long
afterwards we were surprised because some of the crowd
coming out of the elevators right before we entered the
room. We hurried into the room and locked the door tightly.
At that time we heard them knock at the other rooms loudly
and there were some screams from women and girls. Our room
was filled with fear.
(¤§«á§Ú­ÌÂ÷¶}©Ð¶¡°k¨ì³»¼Ó,§¹¥þµLªk¤U¼Ó°k¨«,§Ú­Ì©M
¤@¨ÇªB¤Í°k¨ì15¼Ó,¨S¦³¦h¤[,¦b§Ú­Ì¸ú¶i©Ð¸Ì¤§«e,¨º¸s
¤H´N½Ä¥X¹q±è,§Ú­Ì»°§Ö¶i¤J©Ð¸ÌÂêºò©Ðªù,¥uÅ¥¨ìªù¥~
¶Ç¨Ó½ðªùªºÁn­µ,¥H¤Î¤@¨Ç°ü¤k©M¤k«Äªº¦y¥sÁn,¾ã­Ó
©Ð¶¡¥Rº¡µÛ®£Äß)

We realized that they would come to us. So we spread
throughout the room hiding in the corners.We could hear
girls of 10 to 12 years old screaming, "Mommy,
..mommy...mom...mom...it hurts" That time I didn't know
that these little girls were being raped. After about half
an hour the noise diminished and we had some guts to go out
and check. It was indescribable. A lot, some of them youg
girls, were lying on the floor. "Oh my God, what has
happened?" Seeing all of this we screemed and my little
sister Fenny, screamed histerically and hugged her father.
(§Ú­Ì¤F¸Ñ¨ì¥L­Ì¿ð¦­·|¶i¨Ó,©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì·æÁYªº¸ú¦bÀð¨¤
§Ú­ÌÅ¥¨ì¤j¬ù10¨ì12·³ªº¤k«Äªº¦y¥s"¶ý...¶ý...¶ý....¦nµh
§â¦o¥á¨ì¨Fµo¤W,§Ú°¨¤W¤ÏÀ³¨ì¦oªº¦MÀI,©ó¬O¤j¥s,
¦ý¬O¤@­Ó¼É¥Á¥´¤F§Ú¤@­Ó¦Õ¥ú,§Úª¨ª¨¤]³Q¥L­Ì¥Î¤ì
´Ò¥´©ü,§Ú¶ý¶ý¦bFenny³Q¥á¨ì¨Fµo¤W®É´N©ü­Ë¤F,§Ú¥u
¯à¬èÃ«,¥u¯à¬èÃ«¨aÃø¤£­n­°Á{)

Uncle Dodi kept trying to stop them by offering money. His
efforts were fruitless. And in the end 5 people raped Fenny.
Before beginning with the raping they always said "Allahu
Akbar" (an islamic phrase in arabic meaning "God is great".
They were ferocius and brutal.
(Dodi¨û¨û¸ÕµÛ¥Î¿úÅý¥L­Ì¤£­n¬I¼É,¦ý¬O¨S¦³¥Î,µM«á
¦³¤­­Ó¤H±j¼É¤FFenny,¨C­Ó¦b±j¼É«e³£©ÀµÛ"Allahu Akbar"
¬O¥ì´µÄõ±Ðªºµu¥yªü©Ô§B¸Üªº·N«ä¬O"°¶¤jªº¯«",¥L­Ì Åã±o´Ý¼É¦Ó¥B¹³³¥Ã~¤@¯ë)

Not long afterward, around 9 men came to the room and
dragged me. I also saw them forcing and dragging my Aunt
Vera. But at that time I passed out and everything went
blank. I became conscious at around 5 or 6 pm. My head
hurted and I realized I had no clothing on my body. I cried
and realized my family was still there. My father was
hugging my mother and little bother Doni. I also saw uncle
Dodi lying on the floor and Aunt Vera was crying over his
body. I felt so weak and fainted again.
(¨S¦³¦h¤[,¤j·§¦³¤E­Ó¤H§â§Ú©ì¥X¥h,§Ú¬Ý¨ì¥L­Ì¤]§â
VeraÂTÂT©ì¥X¨Ó,¦ý¬O§Ú©ü¤F¹L¥h,¤@¤Á³£ÅÜ¦¨ªÅ¥Õ
¤j¬ù¤U¤È5ÂI¨ì6ÂIªº®É­Ô,§Ú³vº¥ªº«ì´_·NÃÑ,§ÚªºÀY
³¡¨ü¤F¶Ë,¨­¤W¤]¤@µ·¤£±¾,§Ú­ú¤F¥X¨Ó,¨Ã¥Bµo²{§Ú
ªº®a¤HÁÙ¦b,§Úª¨ª¨©êµÛ§Ú¶ý¶ý©M§Ì§Ì,Dodi¨û¨û­Ë¦b
¦a¤W¦ÓVeraÂTÂT©êµÛ¥Lµh­ú,§Ú·P¨ìµê®z¦Ó¤S·w¯t¹L¥h)

The next day I was in the Pluit hospital. My father and
mother were beside me. With all the pains on my body I
asked, "Mom, why Fenny. Mom?" I felt a stinging pain as I
said these words. My cheeks were swollen. My mother cried
again and couldn't speak any words, while my father, holding
back his tears, managed to smile at me. After 4 days in
treatment, my condition has improved. With a sad look, my
father told me then what had happened. After I fainted 7
people raped me. At that time my father still couldn't see
well after beling hit with a piece of wood. They raped me
repeatedly. Then my father said "Vivian, Fenny is gone..."
(²Ä¤G¤Ñ§Ú³Q°e¨ìPluitÂå°|,§Úªºª¨¶ý¦b§Ú¨­®Ç,§Ú§ÔµÛµh
°Ý¥L­Ì"¶ý,Fenny©O?¶ý"»¡¸ÜÅý§Ú·P¨ì°w¨ë¯ëªºµh­W,§Ú
¶ý¶ý­ú¤F°_¨Ó,¤@¥y¸Ü³£»¡¤£¥X¨Ó,§Úª¨ª¨§Ô¦í²\¤ô,¹ï§Ú
­W¯º¤@¤U,¥|¤Ñ¤§«á,§Úªº±¡ªp¦n¤FÂI,§Úªº¤÷¿Ë¤@Áy¶Ë´d
ªº§i¶D§Ú,·í®É§Ú©ü°g¤F¥H«á,¦³7­Ó¤H±j¼É¤F§Ú,§Ú¤÷¿Ë«h
³Q¶Ã´Ò¼Þ¥´,¨º¨Ç¼É¥Á­«½Æªº±j¼ÉµÛ§Ú.¶ý¶ý¦b¤@®Ç¶Ë¤ßªº
»¡"Vivian,Fenny¦º¤F...")

I was confused and cried out, "Why Dad?" My father couldn't
answer. He told me to rest and went out of the room. I cried
over and over again, feeling that my life had no meaning any
more. A week ago, after I was released from the hospital I
was told everything that had happend.
(§Ú¸£¤¤¤@¤ù²V¶Ã,­ú¤F°_¨Ó,"ª¨ª¨.¬°¤°»ò?"§Ú¤÷¿ËµLªk
¦^µª§Ú,¥L§i¶D§Ú¦n¦n¥ð®§,¨«¤F¥X¥h,§Ú¤£°±ªº­ú,§Úªº¤H
¥Í¤w¸g§¹¥þ¨S¦³¥ô¦ó·N¸q¤F,¤@­Ó¬P´Á¹L¥h¤F,¦b§Ú¥X
°|¤§«á,¤~ª¾¹D¨Æ±¡ªº¾ã­Ó¸g¹L)

When Fenny was raped she kept on fighting and so she was
repeatedly slapped by her rapists. The last time she fought
Fenny spitted on one of them. Offended, the man grabbed a
knife and stabbed Fenny's stomach over and over again.
Finally she died with blood over her whole body.
(Fenny¦b³Q±j¼Éªº®É­Ô¤£°±ªº¤Ï§Ü,©ó¬O¨º¨Ç¼É¥Á¤£Â_
ªº¥´¦o,³Ì«áFennyªº¤Ï§Ü·S¤õ¤F¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¼É¥Á,¥L§ì°_
¤@§â¤M¤l¨ë¶iFennyªº¨{¤l,¤@¦¸¤S¤@¦¸ªº¨ë¶i¨ë¥X,³Ì
«áFenny¥þ¨­¬O¦åªº¦º¤F)

My father told me that uncle Dodi had the same fate watched
by aunt Vera who was also raped. "God...why should all of
this happen? Where are you God? Are you still alive?" My
aunt Vera now stays with her parents. She is in shock. Her
face is blank and refuses to eat. Almost every hour my
mother and I cry over all these happenings. I can never
forget. These mobs of people are uncivilized monsters."
(¤÷¿Ë§i¶D§Ú,Dodi¨û¨û¤]¬ÝµÛ¦Û¤vªº¤Ó¤Ó³Q±j¼É,"¤Ñ§r!
¬°¤°»ò·|µo¥Í³oºØ¨Æ?¯«¦b­þ¸Ì?Í¢ÁÙ¬¡µÛ¶Ü?"§ÚÂTÂT Vera²{¦b©M¥Lªº¤÷¥À¦í¦b¤@°_,¦o¨ü¨ìÄY­«ªºÅåÀ~,
¦oªºÁy¤W¨S¦³¦å¦â¦Ó¥B©Úµ´¶i­¹,§Ú©M¶ý¶ýµL®ÉµL¨è
¦]¬°³o³õ´c¹Ú¦Ó­úª_,§Ú¥Ã»·§Ñ¤£¤F,¨º¨Ç¼É¥Á´N¹³¬O
¨S¦³¶i¤Æªº©ÇÃ~)

Additional comments from Bill Hekman:
(¥H¤U¬OBill Hekmanªºªþµù)

This is one of many victims. Hundreds of women and children
were raped, mutilated and killed by muslim mobs. Some had
their vaginas ripped apart, their bodies cut into pieces.
(³o¥u¬O«Ü¦hªºÄë¬¹ªÌ¤¤ªº¤@­Ó,¦³¼Æ¦Ê¦ì°ü¤k»P¤p«Ä
³Q¦^±Ð¼É®{±j¼É,±ÙÂ_¤â¸},±þ®`,¦o­Ìªºªº³±¹D³Q¼¹µõ
,¨­Åé³Q¬å¦¨¦n´X¬q)

Over 5000 of the Chinese Indonesian's shops were looted and
burned down. A few days ago anther 63 shops were burned in
Tegal, Central Java. The city of Solo is burned down. There
is no protection and no justice in this country any more.
(¶W¹L5000®a¥H¤Wªº¦L¥§µØ¤Hªº°Ó©±³Q±°¹Ü©MµI¿N,
´X¤Ñ«e¦b¤ö«zªºTegal,¥t¥~63®a°Ó©±³Q©ñ¤õ¿N±¼,¦L¥§
²{¦b§¹¥þ¨S¦³«O»Ù,¥¿¸q¿ºµMµL¦s)

Yesterday I was in the Kelapa Gading area and that area was
spared from destruction. The police and military had guarded
all the entry roads. The people there had collected large
sums of money from door to door and paid for their protection.
(¬Q¤Ñ§Ú¦bKelapa Gading°Ï,¨º¸Ì¥Ø«eÁÙ¨S¦³³Q¯}Ãa,Äµ¹î
©M­x¶¤¦b©Ò¦³¸ô¤fÄµ§Ù,¨º¸Ìªº¤H­Ì¶°¦X¤F¤@¤jµ§¿ú¨Ó
¤ä¥I³o¨Ç«OÅ@)

A similar situation took place in the Pondok Indah area.For the people
who cannot pay millions to the armed forces there is no protection. Right
now
the hunderds of thousands of thugs,robbers, rapist, and killers live
all around us. They are our neighbors. There is no punishment for the
criminals and no justice for the victims. Yet, all Indonesians call themselves
believers in God almighty. What a hipocracy. Shouting "God is great" when
raping women andchildren is a blasphemy against a Holy God.
(¦bPondok Indah°Ï¤]¬O¦P¼Ëªº±¡ªp,®³¤£¥X¿úªº¤H´N§¹¥þ
¨S¦³¥ô¦ó«O»Ù,²{¦b¦³¦¨¤d¤W¸Uªº¦^±Ð¨ë«È,±jµs,±j¼ÉªÌ©M
±þ¤HÅ]¦í¦b§Ú­Ìªº¥|©P,¥L­Ì¬O§Ú­Ìªº¾F©~,¹ï©ó¸o¥Ç¨S¦³
³B»@,¹ï©ó¨ü®`ªÌ¤]¨S¦³¤½²z,¦ý¬O,©Ò¦³ªº¦L¥§¤H©I³êµÛ
¥L­Ì©Ò«H¥õªº"¥þ¯àªº¯«:"¤Ó¿Ø¨ë¤F.¦b±j¼É°ü¤k©M¤p«Ä®É
©I³Û°¶¤jªº¯«,³o¬O¹ï¯«¸t¤W«Òªº«_Âp)

Pray that God will annoint His preachers and missionaries
throughout this nation with the power of the Holy Spirit to
preach the message of repentance. God's word in 2 Chronicles
7:14 needs to be proclaimed boldly. There is no room for
preachers filled with fear who think of evacuation and other
selfish plans. Pray for Revival in all our churches.
(¬èÃ«¤W«Ò¦b³o­Ó°ê®a¤¤¬°Í¢ªº¤l¥Á¶î¤Wªo»I,¥Î¯«¸tªº
¤O¶q¶Ç»¼®¬§ïªº°T®§,ÂÂ¬ù¸t¸g¾ú¥N§Ó²Ä7³¹²Ä14¸`À³¸Ó
³QÅã©úªº«Å§i,

There is no room for preachers filled with fear who thinkof 
evacuation and other selfish plans.(³o¤@¥y¦b¤UÂ½¤£¥X¨Ó¾A¤Áªº¦r¥y,±æ¦³ 
¯àªÌ¸É¤W) Ä@§Ú­Ìªº¸t·µ¬Ò¯à´_¿³ 

Some Christians are putting signs on their shops "Owned by 
Muslim". May God forgive them. Healing of this nation filled 
with crime and unjustice is bringing God's judgement and 
punishment. Healing and Salvation can only come with a 
nasional repentance at all levels in the government, armed 
forces and society. Then we need to share the Gospel of the 
Lord Jesus Christ. Christ is the One and Only Savior. No one 
will ever receive forgiveness and see heaven except through 
God's appointed Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ. Thank you for 
standing with us now. God bless you. 
(¦³ªº¤Ñ¥D±Ð®{ªº°Ó©±³Q¶K¤W"¦^±Ð®{©Ò¦³"ªº¼Ð»y,Ä@ 
¤W«Ò¼e®¤¥L­Ì,¥Î¤W«Òªº¼f§P»PÃg»@¨ÓÂåªv³o­Ó¥Rº¡ 
¸o´c»P¤£¸qªº°ê«×,°ß¦³¾ã­Ó°ê®a-¦U¯Å¬F©²,­x¶¤©MªÀ·| 
-ªº®¬§ï¤~¯à°±¤î¶Ëµh,§Ú­Ì­n¶Ç¼½°ò·þªººÖ­µ,°ò·þ¬O°ß 

chaos in Indonesia last May 13-15. Many Chinese Indonesian 
citizens were abused, tortured and killed. Their houses and stores 
were 
looted and burnt. Hundreds of Chinese Indonesian 
girls/women (aged 10-55) were sexually harassed and gang raped 
brutally. 
Some victims were even raped in front of their family members or in 
front 
of inhuman cheering crowd. 
(½Ð±N³o«Ê"¶Àµ·±a"ªº«H¥ó±Hµ¹±zªºªB¤Í,¨Óªí¥Ü§Ú­Ì¹ï©ó 
¦b¤­¤ë13-15¤é©ó¦L¥§¼É°Ê¤¤¨ü®`ªºÄë¬¹ªÌ¤@Åé·P»P¦P±¡ 
³\¦hµØ¸Çªº¦L¥§¤½¥Á³Q±j¼É,­â­h,±þ®`.¥L­Ìªº©Ð¤l©M°Ó©± 
³Q·m§T©MµI¿N,¦³ªº¨ü®`ªÌ´N¦b®a¤H»P¤@¸s¨S¦³¤H©Ê 
ÁÙÅw©Iªº¸s²³­±«e³Q½ü¼É) 

Some of them  were even thrown into the fire and burnt to death after 
being 
raped. Yet, not many actions seem to have been taken to investigate 
all 
this or to help the victims. And not very many people seem to know or 
care 
about what happened. Please help to spread the news and let the world 
know. 
(¨ä¤¤¦³¨Ç¤H¦b³Q±j¼É¤§«á,ÁÙ³Q¥á¤J¤õ¤¤µI¿N¦Ü¦º,¦ý¬O,¨Ã 
¨S¦³³\¦h½Õ¬d©Î¨ó§Uªº¦æ°Ê¦b¶i¦æ,¦Ó¥B¤]ÁÙ¨S¦³«Ü¦h¤HÃö 
¤ß©Î¬Oª¾¹D³o¨Ç¨Æ±¡,½Ð¨ó§U´²§G³o¨Ç®ø®§,Åý°ê»Ú¶¡ª¾¹D 
³o¨Ç¨Æ) 

We need help to get more international attention to help Chinese 
Indonesians, who are now living in fear in Indonesia. Please pass this 
ribbon around as the symbol of campaign against human rights 
violations, injustice, and racism towards Chinese Indonesians. 
(§Ú­Ì»Ý­n¤Þ°_°ê»Ú¶¡ªº­«µø,¥H«KÀ°§U¥Ø«e¥Í¬¡¦b®£Äß¤¤ 
ªº¦L¥§µØ¤H,½Ð±Nµ·±a§@¬°¤Ï¹ï¥[½Ñ©ó¦L¥§µØ¤Hªº¼É¤O, 
¤£¥¿¸q¥H¤ÎºØ±Ú¥D¸qªº¼Ð»x) 

Show that we care and may God help us! 
(§i¶D¥@¤H§Ú­ÌÃö¤ß,Ä@¤W«Ò½ç»P§Ú­Ì¤O¶q) 



From rem-conf Wed Aug 12 01:28:31 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 12 01:28:30 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6WCo-00027H-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 01:24:26 -0700
Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.5.31] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6WCn-000276-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 01:24:25 -0700
Received: from rat.cs.ucl.ac.uk by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP 
          id <g.04472-0@bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk>; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 09:24:17 +0100
To: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
cc: Orion Hodson <O.Hodson@cs.ucl.ac.uk>, rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Update of FEC draft
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 11 Aug 1998 08:49:12 EDT." <35D03DC8.9BDC8688@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1998 09:24:14 +0200
Message-ID: <7192.902910254@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
From: Orion Hodson <O.Hodson@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

<35D03DC8.9BDC8688@dnrc.bell-labs.com>Jonathan Rosenberg writes:
> > 
> > 5 Parity Codes
> > --------------
> > 
> > Scheme 2 generates FEC data only, there is no "original media".  Only
> > applications aware of the FEC payload format will be able to decode
> > any part of this stream.
> 
> Yes. I don't think the draft requires that you send original media;
> there will certainly be applications where everyone may have FEC (some
> kind of local conference, perhaps) and thus this is certainly
> appropriate. I see no reason to rule it out.

The draft should allow both.  Section 4 Basic Operation section only
describes the case where FEC packets and media packets are sent as
separate streams.  The draft should explicitly say there may only be
an FEC stream, or a media stream and an FEC stream.

> > 6 Reed Solomon Codes
> > --------------------
> > 
> > I believe there is a fundamental problem with RS codes and the goals
> > of this draft.  There is no natural division of the output of a RS
> > encoder into data bits and parity bits.  RS transforms the input k
> > bits into a unique set of n bits.  The original k bits do not appear
> > in the outgoing n bits.  RS codes are attractive because they have
> > maximal separation between codewords and so have good
> > error-correcting/detecting properties.  To achieve maximal separation
> > distance the k bits are mapped into n bits in different space.  Hence
> > no overlap, and no separability.
> 
> Hmm. I was under the (apparently mistaken) assumption that the original
> k packets were still present in the output. This would present a
> problem.

This does not have to be a problem if section 4 is modified as above.
My tenuous understanding of RS codes is that they are not systematic
(i.e. source data is not present in their output), the example at the
end of the original work ends with mapping:

	(0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1) -> (000,001,110,110,111,000,001,111)

which is clearly not systematic.  I would suggest we ask someone who
has a better grasp of RS codes to read through the RS section.  Phil
Karn (karn@qualcomm.com) has done some work in this area and has some
RS source code off his web page.  He would be a good person to ask.

> > 
> > It is not entirely clear to me that you can achieve low latency RS
> > coding because the number of packets over which it is applied is large
> > c*2**m.  If you can tolerate a large delay, there is a wide range of
> > reliable multicast data delivery protocols that could be employed.  It
> > maybe better not to specify a payload for RS codes until someone in
> > the group has an implementation, and has experimented with it.
> 
> What is c and m above? I also don't see why, fundamentally, RS codes
> cannot be applied over reasonably small block sizes.

Sorry, m is the power of two over which the code is defined.  So 2*m
is the minimum number of packets you can apply the operation.  c is
the number of these blocks you do in one go.

m = 3 seems to be a popular field over which to conduct RS coding.  So
that's c*8 packets delay at both ends, if you can tolerate that kind
of latency other approaches may become sensilble.  At some point there
is a transition to RM.

>> 8.2 Reed Solomon Header
>> -----------------------
>> 
>> The header should include the field over which the code is generated
>> to completely specifiy the code.  Fields in RS lit are usually 2**m so
>> the field component could be compactly represented by m.
>
> The draft states that the payload type is used to indicate this. 

You're right, this did not register.  

- Orion









From rem-conf Wed Aug 12 03:02:27 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 12 03:02:26 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6Xgb-0003Ou-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 02:59:17 -0700
Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.5.31] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6XgZ-0003Ok-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 02:59:16 -0700
Received: from rat.cs.ucl.ac.uk by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP 
          id <g.07657-0@bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk>; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 10:59:08 +0100
To: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
cc: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Update of FEC draft
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 12 Aug 1998 09:24:14 +0200." <7192.902910254@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1998 10:59:04 +0200
Message-ID: <7299.902915944@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
From: Orion Hodson <O.Hodson@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

<7192.902910254@cs.ucl.ac.uk>Orion Hodson writes:
> <35D03DC8.9BDC8688@dnrc.bell-labs.com>Jonathan Rosenberg writes:
> > Hmm. I was under the (apparently mistaken) assumption that the original
> > k packets were still present in the output. This would present a
> > problem.
> 
> This does not have to be a problem if section 4 is modified as above.
> My tenuous understanding of RS codes is that they are not systematic

No RS codes are systematic.  Sorry, my mistake, tenuous understanding
at fault.

- Orion



From rem-conf Wed Aug 12 09:59:29 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 12 09:59:29 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6eA9-0007de-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 09:54:13 -0700
Received: from irv-port271.jps.net (208.237.197.38) [208.237.197.38] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6eA7-0007dI-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 09:54:11 -0700
From: looseweight@bigfoot.com
To: rem-conf@es.net
Reply-To: looseweight@bigfoot.com
Subject: EZ LOSE
Message-Id: <E0z6eA7-0007dI-00@mail1.es.net>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1998 09:54:11 -0700
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

	
Dear Friend,

If there was a way that you could help your friends to lose weight
without changing their lifestyle, no pills, no shakes and no side effects,
would you want to know more about it?

87% success rate in clinical studies in the past 2 years, easy and affordable
with 30 day money back guarantee and a superb new business opportunity!

To respect your time I will keep it short for now.  For more info enter MORE in the subject field and reply.
If you want to be removed from this mailing list enter REMOVE.

To your health - Dr JJ Levine





From rem-conf Wed Aug 12 11:39:47 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 12 11:39:47 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6fk4-0001eE-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 11:35:24 -0700
Received: from odin.ietf.org (ietf.org) [132.151.1.176] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6fk3-0001cA-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 11:35:23 -0700
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.8.5/8.8.7a) with ESMTP id OAA01071;
	Wed, 12 Aug 1998 14:34:15 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199808121834.OAA01071@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: IETF-Announce: ;
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Reply-to: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01.txt,.ps
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1998 14:34:15 -0400
Sender: cclark@ns.cnri.reston.va.us
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications
	Author(s)	: V. Jacobson, S. Casner, R. Frederick, H. Schulzrinne
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01.txt,.ps
	Pages		: 94
	Date		: 11-Aug-98
	
         This memorandum is a revision of RFC 1889 in preparation
         for advancement from Proposed Standard to Draft Standard
         status. Readers are encouraged to use the PostScript form
         of this draft to see where changes from RFC 1889 are
         marked by change bars. The revision process is not yet
         complete; some changes which have been discussed and
         tentatively accepted in meetings of the Audio/Video
         Transport working group have not yet been incorporated
         into this draft.
 
         This memorandum describes RTP, the real-time transport
         protocol. RTP provides end-to-end network transport
         functions suitable for applications transmitting real-
         time data, such as audio, video or simulation data, over
         multicast or unicast network services. RTP does not
         address resource reservation and does not guarantee
         quality-of-service for real-time services. The data
         transport is augmented by a control protocol (RTCP) to
         allow monitoring of the data delivery in a manner
         scalable to large multicast networks, and to provide
         minimal control and identification functionality. RTP and
         RTCP are designed to be independent of the underlying
         transport and network layers. The protocol supports the
         use of RTP-level translators and mixers.
 
   This specification is a product of the Audio/Video Transport working
   group within the Internet Engineering Task Force. Comments are
   solicited and should be addressed to the working group's mailing list
   at rem-conf@es.net and/or the authors.

Internet-Drafts are available by anonymous FTP.  Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address.  After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01.txt".
A URL for the Internet-Draft is:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01.txt

Internet-Drafts directories are located at:

	Africa:	ftp.is.co.za
	
	Europe: ftp.nordu.net
		ftp.nis.garr.it
			
	Pacific Rim: munnari.oz.au
	
	US East Coast: ftp.ietf.org
	
	US West Coast: ftp.isi.edu

Internet-Drafts are also available by mail.

Send a message to:	mailserv@ietf.org.  In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980811151657.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980811151657.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--





From rem-conf Wed Aug 12 11:39:47 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 12 11:39:47 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6fli-0001ez-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 11:37:06 -0700
Received: from odin.ietf.org (ietf.org) [132.151.1.176] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6flh-0001eQ-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 11:37:05 -0700
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.8.5/8.8.7a) with ESMTP id OAA01623;
	Wed, 12 Aug 1998 14:35:58 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199808121835.OAA01623@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: IETF-Announce: ;
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Reply-to: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-profile-new-03.txt,.ps
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1998 14:35:57 -0400
Sender: cclark@ns.cnri.reston.va.us
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences 
                          with Minimal Control
	Author(s)	: H. Schulzrinne
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-profile-new-03.txt,.ps
	Pages		: 31
	Date		: 11-Aug-98
	
         This memo describes a profile called 'RTP/AVP' for the
         use of the real-time transport protocol (RTP), version 2,
         and the associated control protocol, RTCP, within audio
         and video multiparticipant conferences with minimal
         control. It provides interpretations of generic fields
         within the RTP specification suitable for audio and video
         conferences. In particular, this document defines a set
         of default mappings from payload type numbers to
         encodings.
 
         The document also describes how audio and video data may
         be carried within RTP. It defines a set of standard
         encodings and their names when used within RTP. However,
         the encoding definitions are independent of the
         particular transport mechanism used. The descriptions
         provide pointers to reference implementations and the
         detailed standards. This document is meant as an aid for
         implementors of audio, video and other real-time
         multimedia applications.

Internet-Drafts are available by anonymous FTP.  Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address.  After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-profile-new-03.txt".
A URL for the Internet-Draft is:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-profile-new-03.txt

Internet-Drafts directories are located at:

	Africa:	ftp.is.co.za
	
	Europe: ftp.nordu.net
		ftp.nis.garr.it
			
	Pacific Rim: munnari.oz.au
	
	US East Coast: ftp.ietf.org
	
	US West Coast: ftp.isi.edu

Internet-Drafts are also available by mail.

Send a message to:	mailserv@ietf.org.  In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-profile-new-03.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980811170444.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-profile-new-03.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-profile-new-03.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980811170444.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--





From rem-conf Wed Aug 12 11:39:47 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 12 11:39:47 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6fkC-0001eJ-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 11:35:32 -0700
Received: from odin.ietf.org (ietf.org) [132.151.1.176] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6fk3-0001c9-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 11:35:23 -0700
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.8.5/8.8.7a) with ESMTP id OAA01039;
	Wed, 12 Aug 1998 14:34:11 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199808121834.OAA01039@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: IETF-Announce: ;
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Reply-to: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-jpeg-new-02.txt,.ps
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1998 14:34:10 -0400
Sender: cclark@ns.cnri.reston.va.us
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--NextPart

Note: This revision reflects comments received during the last call period.

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: RTP Payload Format for JPEG-compressed Video
	Author(s)	: L. Berc, R. Frederick, B. Fenner, S. McCanne, P. Stewart
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-jpeg-new-02.txt,.ps
	Pages		: 25
	Date		: 11-Aug-98
	
This memo describes the RTP payload format for JPEG video streams.
The packet format is optimized for real-time video streams where
codec parameters change rarely from frame to frame.
 
This document is a product of the Audio-Video Transport working group
within the Internet Engineering Task Force.  Comments are solicited and
should be addressed to the working group's mailing list at rem-
conf@es.net and/or the author(s).

Internet-Drafts are available by anonymous FTP.  Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address.  After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-jpeg-new-02.txt".
A URL for the Internet-Draft is:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-jpeg-new-02.txt

Internet-Drafts directories are located at:

	Africa:	ftp.is.co.za
	
	Europe: ftp.nordu.net
		ftp.nis.garr.it
			
	Pacific Rim: munnari.oz.au
	
	US East Coast: ftp.ietf.org
	
	US West Coast: ftp.isi.edu

Internet-Drafts are also available by mail.

Send a message to:	mailserv@ietf.org.  In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-jpeg-new-02.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980811151159.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-jpeg-new-02.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-jpeg-new-02.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980811151159.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--





From rem-conf Wed Aug 12 12:05:32 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 12 12:05:31 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6gC4-0003wR-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 12:04:20 -0700
Received: from odin.ietf.org (ietf.org) [132.151.1.176] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6gC3-0003vb-00; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 12:04:19 -0700
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.8.5/8.8.7a) with ESMTP id PAA06870;
	Wed, 12 Aug 1998 15:03:15 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199808121903.PAA06870@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: IETF-Announce: ;
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Reply-to: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtpsample-00.txt,.ps
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1998 15:03:15 -0400
Sender: cclark@ns.cnri.reston.va.us
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Issues with RTP Sampling
	Author(s)	: J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-rtpsample-00.txt,.ps
	Pages		: 12
	Date		: 11-Aug-98
	
In order to control the flow of RTCP packets in large multicast
   groups, session participants are required to transmit their packets
   with a period proportional to the group size. Obtaining a group size
   estimate generally requires a participant to maintain a list of group
   members. As this can require significant memory, particularly for
   embedded systems, RTP has been revised to allow for a statistical
   sampling procedure which allows the memory size to be bounded for all
   group sizes. However, this sampling algorithm can interact with other
   aspects of RTP. In particular, we have identified three problems.
   First, RTP sampling has an adverse affect on the performance of BYE
   reconsideration. Secondly, it can cause inaccurate estimates with
   dynamic group sizes that decrease rapidly. Thirdly, the current SSRC
   sampling algorithm grossly overestimates the group size when there
   are a few senders. We discuss these problems in detail and present
   simple solutions.

Internet-Drafts are available by anonymous FTP.  Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address.  After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-rtpsample-00.txt".
A URL for the Internet-Draft is:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtpsample-00.txt

Internet-Drafts directories are located at:

	Africa:	ftp.is.co.za
	
	Europe: ftp.nordu.net
		ftp.nis.garr.it
			
	Pacific Rim: munnari.oz.au
	
	US East Coast: ftp.ietf.org
	
	US West Coast: ftp.isi.edu

Internet-Drafts are also available by mail.

Send a message to:	mailserv@ietf.org.  In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtpsample-00.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980811104145.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtpsample-00.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-rtpsample-00.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<19980811104145.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--





From rem-conf Thu Aug 13 00:12:27 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 13 00:12:26 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6rV0-0002yw-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 00:08:38 -0700
Received: from zip.elliott.net (zip.kego.com) [199.242.251.2] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6rUy-0002yW-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 00:08:36 -0700
Received: from zip (Administrators@localhost)
	by zip.kego.com (8.8.8/8.8.7) with SMTP id AAA00271
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 00:07:19 -0700 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Resent-Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1998 00:07:18 -0700 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Resent-From: cam@elliott.net
Resent-Message-Id: <199808130707.AAA00271@zip.kego.com>
Message-ID: <005401bdc689$0291f120$02fbf2c7@zip.kego.com>
From: "Cameron Elliott" <cam@elliott.net>
To: <rem-conf@es.net>
Subject: T.124 standard?
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1998 00:07:18 -0700
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3
Resent-Bcc:
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Does anyone know how I can purchase a copy of T.124
without buying a $400+ subscription to the ITU standards?
(T.124 is NOT available currently through the ITU online
purchasing program)

Thanks
Cameron Elliott




From rem-conf Thu Aug 13 01:49:02 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 13 01:49:00 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6ss4-0004Il-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 01:36:32 -0700
Received: from mailer2.lut.ac.uk [158.125.1.206] (root)
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6ss3-0004IZ-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 01:36:31 -0700
Received: from [158.125.1.201] (helo=sun-cc201.lboro.ac.uk ident=root)
	by mailer2.lut.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 1.92 #1)
	id 0z6srn-00074E-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 09:36:15 +0100
Received: from ccjch by sun-cc201.lboro.ac.uk with local (Exim 1.82 #1)
	id 0z6srl-0003P3-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 09:36:13 +0100
Subject: Re: T.124 standard?
To: cam@elliott.net (Cameron Elliott)
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1998 09:36:12 +0100 (BST)
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
In-Reply-To: <005401bdc689$0291f120$02fbf2c7@zip.kego.com> from "Cameron Elliott" at Aug 13, 98 00:07:18 am
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL25]
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Length:        782
Message-Id: <E0z6srl-0003P3-00@sun-cc201.lboro.ac.uk>
From: Julian Highfield <J.C.Highfield@lboro.ac.uk>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Cameron Elliott wrote:
> Does anyone know how I can purchase a copy of T.124
> without buying a $400+ subscription to the ITU standards?
> (T.124 is NOT available currently through the ITU online
> purchasing program)

There's always the T120 archives - mostly with draft standards.
E.g. <ftp://ftp.imtc-files.org/imtc-site/T120-top/t120_archive/t120docs.zip>

The README in that archive says "Contains T.120 work in progress, ITU 
Study Group 8 meeting reports, and other T.120 related contributions.  
The material contained at the this site is openly distributed." So I 
turned some of it into HTML <http://www.stile.lboro.ac.uk/~cojch/T120/>
for easier reading. I didn't process all of the later revisions though,
so you'll want the original archive.

Regards,
        Julian.




From rem-conf Thu Aug 13 09:03:31 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 13 09:03:30 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6zlL-0000q0-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 08:58:03 -0700
Received: from dirty.research.bell-labs.com [204.178.16.6] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z6zlK-0000pq-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 08:58:02 -0700
Received: from zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.180.130.56]) by dirty; Thu Aug 13 11:57:28 EDT 1998
Received: from dnrc.bell-labs.com (arrakis [135.180.130.41])
	by zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id LAA06178;
	Thu, 13 Aug 1998 11:57:45 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35D30C59.28C5F9AB@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1998 11:55:05 -0400
From: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Orion Hodson <O.Hodson@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
CC: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Update of FEC draft
References: <7192.902910254@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Orion Hodson wrote:
> 
> <35D03DC8.9BDC8688@dnrc.bell-labs.com>Jonathan Rosenberg writes:
> > >
> > > 5 Parity Codes
> > > --------------
> > >
> > > Scheme 2 generates FEC data only, there is no "original media".  Only
> > > applications aware of the FEC payload format will be able to decode
> > > any part of this stream.
> >
> > Yes. I don't think the draft requires that you send original media;
> > there will certainly be applications where everyone may have FEC (some
> > kind of local conference, perhaps) and thus this is certainly
> > appropriate. I see no reason to rule it out.
> 
> The draft should allow both.  Section 4 Basic Operation section only
> describes the case where FEC packets and media packets are sent as
> separate streams.  The draft should explicitly say there may only be
> an FEC stream, or a media stream and an FEC stream.

OK, I'll clarify as its my intention that the draft allows both.



> > > It is not entirely clear to me that you can achieve low latency RS
> > > coding because the number of packets over which it is applied is large
> > > c*2**m.  If you can tolerate a large delay, there is a wide range of
> > > reliable multicast data delivery protocols that could be employed.  It
> > > maybe better not to specify a payload for RS codes until someone in
> > > the group has an implementation, and has experimented with it.
> >
> > What is c and m above? I also don't see why, fundamentally, RS codes
> > cannot be applied over reasonably small block sizes.
> 
> Sorry, m is the power of two over which the code is defined.  So 2*m
> is the minimum number of packets you can apply the operation.  c is
> the number of these blocks you do in one go.

I think that this is not how it works. The size of the field over which
the RS code operations doesn't dictate the number of packets, but rather
the number of bits at a time in the packet which get operated on. So,
for example, lets say we are using a FEC code over an 8 bit field, and
we are using k=12, n=15. The 12 data packets are 32 bits long each.
Thus, the encoder would construct the parity packets 8 bits at a time,
requiring 4 passes to compute the entire 32 bits. So, the value of the
field has nothing to do with the number of packets.

-Jonathan R.

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg                       Lucent Technologies
Member of Technical Staff                   101 Crawfords Corner Rd.
High Speed Networks Research                Holmdel, NJ 07733
FAX:   (732) 834-5379                       Rm. 4C-526
EMAIL: jdrosen@bell-labs.com
URL: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen



From rem-conf Thu Aug 13 13:57:54 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 13 13:57:53 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z74No-0004Ry-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 13:54:04 -0700
Received: from dirty.research.bell-labs.com [204.178.16.6] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z74Nn-0004Rn-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 13:54:03 -0700
Received: from zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.180.130.56]) by dirty; Thu Aug 13 16:53:47 EDT 1998
Received: from dnrc.bell-labs.com (arrakis [135.180.130.41])
	by zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id QAA16538;
	Thu, 13 Aug 1998 16:54:01 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35D351C8.AEC52211@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1998 16:51:20 -0400
From: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Colin Perkins <C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>, rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-avt-fec-03
References: <3802.903028301@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Colin - I'm forwarding my responses to your comments to the list as I
think they warrant more widespread discussion.

Colin Perkins wrote:
> 
> Hi Jonathan,
> 
> I've just been reading through the FEC draft. Generally, it seems pretty
> good, but I have a few minor comments:
> 
> - In section 4 you state that "FEC packets have their own sequence number
>   and timestamp space", yet section 8 implies that the media clock is used.
>   Using the media clock seems sensible, so section 4 should be ammended to
>   match this. (this also means there is a sensible timestamp offset to use,
>   if combining fec with redundancy).

My choice of words was not too good. What I meant by "having its own TS
space" is that the FEC packets aren't interspersed with the media, and
have their own timestamps which represent their generation times. Their
generation time is defined as the RTP timestamp of the media clock when
the FEC packet is sent.

> 
> - Is an offset mask of 24 bits really not sufficient? The mechanism for
>   extending it to 56 bits is reasonably clean, I'm just surprised it's
>   needed...

Probably it is sufficient. I'd be game to remove the extra 32 bit
option, but keep the E bit as "for future use", and require it to be set
to 0. We can use it for future extensions. Any objections to its
removal?

> 
> - The security considerations section should possibly be expanded. The use
>   of FEC makes changing encryption keys a little harder. Simple example:
>         a   f(a,b)   b
>   with a and b being encrypted with different keys, which key is used for
>   the FEC packet? Same problem occurs when enabling/disabling encryption.
>   The issue should, at least, be noted.

Good point. I don't think this is hard. You basically switch keys on the
media stream, and at some point, switch keys on the FEC stream. These
need not be synchronized. You would make the determination about when
the switch occurs separately for each stream. 

Additionally, it strikes me that there are actually a few modes of
operation:

1. FEC encrypted, media not
2. media encrypted, FEC not
3. FEC and media encrypted, same keys
4. FEC and media encrypted, different keys

Should we require one mode (such as 3), or allow multiple?

> 
>   Also this section should maybe highlight the affects excessive use of FEC
>   can have on the network. Just as a reminder to the clueless that "hey, I
>   see loss, lets keep adding FEC until I get all my data through" is not
>   necessarily a good idea... Certainly, the IESG requested that we add a
>   note to this effect when we were writing the redundancy draft, and I
>   think it's applicable here too.

Good idea. I'll do that.

> 
> - I'm not convinced that putting parity FEC and Reed-Solomon into one
>   document is the best way of doing this. They seem to be different enough
>   that two documents should maybe be written?

After the last meeting, there was a brief discussion about this. I
recall that the quick decision was to use a single specification. But,
if two are warranted, I have no problem with this. It seems that the two
approaches do share enough infrastructure to perhaps be in the same
document, though. Opinions?

-Jonathan R.

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg                       Lucent Technologies
Member of Technical Staff                   101 Crawfords Corner Rd.
High Speed Networks Research                Holmdel, NJ 07733
FAX:   (732) 834-5379                       Rm. 4C-526
EMAIL: jdrosen@bell-labs.com
URL: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen



From rem-conf Thu Aug 13 23:48:40 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 13 23:48:39 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7DZj-0001KP-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 23:42:59 -0700
Received: from hydra.precept.com [204.162.119.8] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7DZi-0001JW-00; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 23:42:58 -0700
Received: from big-bear (big-bear.precept.com [204.162.119.41])
	by hydra.precept.com (8.8.6/8.8.6) with SMTP id XAA29977;
	Thu, 13 Aug 1998 23:41:57 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1998 23:41:57 -0700 (PDT)
From: Stephen Casner <casner@cisco.com>
X-Sender: casner@big-bear.precept.com
To: rem-conf@es.net
cc: Vern Paxson <vern@ee.lbl.gov>
Subject: Colin Perkins added as AVT co-chair
Message-ID: <Pine.SO4.4.00.9808132339470.14838-100000@big-bear.precept.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

To the Audio/Video Transport Working Group:

I am please to announce that Colin Perkins from UCL has accepted my
request to serve as co-chair of AVT and that the IESG has given its
approval.  It is my hope that together Colin and I can keep the the
working group's business moving ahead better than I have done alone.

I have said on more than one occasion in the past that after 6 years
it should be time for the WG to wrap up, yet we continue to have
relevant new work to address.  The first order of business is to
update the WG charter, since we passed the end of the current one some
time ago.  The new charter needs to establish milestones for
completion of the work currently on the agenda, and also to lay out
our expectations for what continuing work on payload formats or other
activities there might be.  It may be appropriate for the group to go
dormant and be rejuvenated as new work arises.

I'll be working with Colin to draft a proposed updated charter and
send it to the list so that we can get WG concurrence on it in
Chicago and then pass it to the IESG for approval.
							-- Steve





From rem-conf Fri Aug 14 09:53:38 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 14 09:53:37 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7MrO-00072R-00; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 09:37:50 -0700
Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.5.31] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7MrN-00072G-00; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 09:37:49 -0700
Received: from eucharisto.cs.ucl.ac.uk by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP 
          id <g.28174-0@bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk>; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 17:37:44 +0100
To: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
cc: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-avt-fec-03
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 13 Aug 1998 16:51:20 EDT." <35D351C8.AEC52211@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1998 17:37:42 +0100
Message-ID: <4664.903112662@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
From: Colin Perkins <C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--> Jonathan Rosenberg writes:
...
>> - The security considerations section should possibly be expanded. The use
>>   of FEC makes changing encryption keys a little harder. Simple example:
>>         a   f(a,b)   b
>>   with a and b being encrypted with different keys, which key is used for
>>   the FEC packet? Same problem occurs when enabling/disabling encryption.
>>   The issue should, at least, be noted.
>
>Good point. I don't think this is hard. You basically switch keys on the
>media stream, and at some point, switch keys on the FEC stream. These
>need not be synchronized. You would make the determination about when
>the switch occurs separately for each stream. 

It's a little tricky if you want to repair across the point when the media
encryption changes, since there is some FEC data which is protecting media
data encrypted with both old and new keys. 

If you do FEC on the _encrypted_ packets, then everything should be fine,
but if you do FEC on the clear-data and then encrypt the result, problems
can occur. 

Colin



From rem-conf Fri Aug 14 10:32:01 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 14 10:32:01 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7NYB-0000Kg-00; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 10:22:03 -0700
Received: from dirty.research.bell-labs.com [204.178.16.6] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7NYA-0000KW-00; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 10:22:02 -0700
Received: from zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.180.130.56]) by dirty; Fri Aug 14 13:20:51 EDT 1998
Received: from dnrc.bell-labs.com (arrakis [135.180.130.41])
	by zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id NAA12569;
	Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:21:08 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35D4715F.64978F57@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:18:23 -0400
From: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Colin Perkins <C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
CC: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-avt-fec-03
References: <4664.903112662@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Colin Perkins wrote:
> 
> >Good point. I don't think this is hard. You basically switch keys on the
> >media stream, and at some point, switch keys on the FEC stream. These
> >need not be synchronized. You would make the determination about when
> >the switch occurs separately for each stream.
> 
> It's a little tricky if you want to repair across the point when the media
> encryption changes, since there is some FEC data which is protecting media
> data encrypted with both old and new keys.
> 
> If you do FEC on the _encrypted_ packets, then everything should be fine,
> but if you do FEC on the clear-data and then encrypt the result, problems
> can occur.

I don't see this as a problem. Can you clarify what the difficulty is?

-Jonathan R.



-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg                       Lucent Technologies
Member of Technical Staff                   101 Crawfords Corner Rd.
High Speed Networks Research                Holmdel, NJ 07733
FAX:   (732) 834-5379                       Rm. 4C-526
EMAIL: jdrosen@bell-labs.com
URL: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen



From rem-conf Fri Aug 14 10:53:43 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 14 10:53:42 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7O0g-0001BV-00; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 10:51:30 -0700
Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.5.31] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7O0e-0001BL-00; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 10:51:29 -0700
Received: from eucharisto.cs.ucl.ac.uk by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP 
          id <g.00989-0@bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk>; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 18:51:24 +0100
To: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
cc: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-avt-fec-03
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:18:23 EDT." <35D4715F.64978F57@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1998 18:51:22 +0100
Message-ID: <14881.903117082@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
From: Colin Perkins <C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--> Jonathan Rosenberg writes:
>Colin Perkins wrote:
>> 
>> >Good point. I don't think this is hard. You basically switch keys on the
>> >media stream, and at some point, switch keys on the FEC stream. These
>> >need not be synchronized. You would make the determination about when
>> >the switch occurs separately for each stream.
>> 
>> It's a little tricky if you want to repair across the point when the media
>> encryption changes, since there is some FEC data which is protecting media
>> data encrypted with both old and new keys.
>> 
>> If you do FEC on the _encrypted_ packets, then everything should be fine,
>> but if you do FEC on the clear-data and then encrypt the result, problems
>> can occur.
>
>I don't see this as a problem. Can you clarify what the difficulty is?

For example, assume you're using the following scheme: 
	a,b,c,d,e,f -> a, f(a,b), b, f(b,c), c, f(c,d), d, ...
and wish to send packets a,b unencrypted and packets c,d encrypted. The FEC
operation works on unencrypted media data, and the resulting FEC packets
are then encrypted. If f(b,c) is encrypted it cannot be used for recovery
of b by receivers which don't have the encryption key. 

However, if the FEC is generated from the encrypted packets, f(b,c) is
still useful for those receivers which don't have the key, yet doesn't 
help them obtain information about c.

I'm not sure it's a big deal.....

Colin



From rem-conf Fri Aug 14 13:27:39 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 14 13:27:38 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7QPI-0003Lz-00; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:25:04 -0700
Received: from north.lcs.mit.edu [18.26.0.4] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7QPG-0003Lp-00; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:25:02 -0700
Received: from north.lcs.mit.edu by north.lcs.mit.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id QAA20453; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 16:25:01 -0400
From: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>
X-Organisation: Information Sciences Institute, USC
X-Phone: +1 617 253 6011
To: rem-conf@es.net, mbone@isi.edu
cc: sdr@cs.ucl.ac.uk
Subject: New sdr 2.5a5 released
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1998 16:25:00 -0400
Message-ID: <20451.903126300@north.lcs.mit.edu>
Sender: mjh@north.lcs.mit.edu
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


A new version of the Multicast Session Directory tool sdr is now
available from UCL's ftp server: ftp://cs.ucl.ac.uk/mice/sdr/2.5a5.
Binaries are available there for FreeBSD, Irix, Linux, Solaris and
Windows 95/98/NT4.  Source is also there if you need to build sdr for
other platforms.  If you do so, AND YOU ARE OUTSIDE THE USA,
please contribute the binary and Makefile back to Colin Perkins
(C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.ul) at UCL.

The version of sdr fixes a number of bugs that have been observed with
previous versions.  In addition, it implements the Session Initiation
Protocol more or less in compliance with the current internet draft.
(I say more or less, because the SIP code is currently relatively
untested, and SIP over TCP is known to be buggy in this version of
sdr).  The SIP implementation in sdr is mine - please mail me if you
discover any problems with it.

Also Ed Whelan (E.Whelan@cs.ucl.ac.uk) and Goli Montasser-Kohsari
(G.MontasserKohsari@cs.ucl.ac.uk) at UCL have fully implemented the
SAP security specification.  In this latest version of SDR the
following security features have been included:

 1) Media Tool Encryption

  The media tools can, if the tool supports it, be started encrypted. A
  key is specified when creating the announcement and this can be either
  a randomly generated key or a key specified by the user. Different random
  keys are used by default but the user can set each tool to use the same 
  key if desired. The tools currently support symmetric DES encryption.

 2) Session Announcement Encryption

  The session announcement can be encrypted either symmetrically or 
  asymmetrically.

  a) Symmetric Encryption

     The algorithm used in this case is DES.

  b) Asymmetric Encryption

     Either PGP or PKCS#7 security formats can be used. In the case of 
     PGP the user must have PGP 2.6.3 installed whereas with PKCS#7
     the SECUDE security toolkit is necessary. With asymmetric encryption
     the announcment is encrypted with the public key of a group and
     can only be decrypted by members of the group who have access to 
     the corresponding private key. The group key pairs are distributed
     by secure means prior to the setting up of a conference group.

 3) Session Announcement Authentication

  The session announcemnt can be authenticated using either PGP or 
  PKCS#7 (SECUDE). In this case the session announcement is signed with 
  the originator's private key and so anyone with access to the originator's
  public key can be sure that the announcement came from the originator
  and has not been changed en route. It is also an option to send the 
  originator's certificate along with the signed announcement.

  Any combination of tool encryption, session announcemnt encryption and
  session announcement authentication are allowed.

  The precise formats used for the above features are as detailed in the
  latest SAP specification

Please mail Ed or Goli if you have any comments on the security
implementation, or mail sdr@cs.ucl.ac.uk to reach us all.  

Since sdr now utilizes strong encryption, I am no longer the primary
maintainer of the code - the group at UCL have taken over this task.
General sdr bug reports should be sent to sdr@cs.ucl.ac.uk.

Cheers,
	Mark



From rem-conf Sat Aug 15 13:59:08 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sat Aug 15 13:59:06 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7nBH-0004Ji-00; Sat, 15 Aug 1998 13:44:07 -0700
Received: from dirty.research.bell-labs.com [204.178.16.6] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z7nBF-0004JY-00; Sat, 15 Aug 1998 13:44:05 -0700
Received: from zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.180.130.56]) by dirty; Sat Aug 15 16:42:13 EDT 1998
Received: from dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.17.200.54])
	by zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id QAA15867;
	Sat, 15 Aug 1998 16:42:28 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35D5F332.9AF973B5@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Sat, 15 Aug 1998 16:44:34 -0400
From: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Organization: Bell Laboratories
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Colin Perkins <C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
CC: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-avt-fec-03
References: <14881.903117082@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Colin Perkins wrote:
> 
> >I don't see this as a problem. Can you clarify what the difficulty is?
> 
> For example, assume you're using the following scheme:
>         a,b,c,d,e,f -> a, f(a,b), b, f(b,c), c, f(c,d), d, ...
> and wish to send packets a,b unencrypted and packets c,d encrypted. The FEC
> operation works on unencrypted media data, and the resulting FEC packets
> are then encrypted. If f(b,c) is encrypted it cannot be used for recovery
> of b by receivers which don't have the encryption key.

But, if the receivers don't have the key, they can't decrypt the media
anyway, so the difference is just packet b. I don't see this as a
problem, since they won't get the rest of the conversation anyway.


> 
> However, if the FEC is generated from the encrypted packets, f(b,c) is
> still useful for those receivers which don't have the key, yet doesn't
> help them obtain information about c.

Besides this, are there any reasons for doing the FEC after encryption
as opposed to before? I'm wondering if there are any impacts on the
effeciveness of the algorithms, or something like that.

-Jonathan R.

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg                       Lucent Technologies
Member of Technical Staff                   101 Crawfords Corner Rd.
High Speed Networks Research                Holmdel, NJ 07733
FAX: (732) 834-5379                         Rm. 4C-526
EMAIL: jdrosen@bell-labs.com
URL: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen



From rem-conf Sun Aug 16 13:49:13 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sun Aug 16 13:49:12 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z89dA-0004Up-00; Sun, 16 Aug 1998 13:42:24 -0700
Received: from sasa-torre.teran.com.ni (fenix.sasa.com.ni) [200.30.51.36] (root)
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z89d7-0004Ud-00; Sun, 16 Aug 1998 13:42:22 -0700
Received: from cielo.sasa.com.ni (cielo.sasa.com.ni [200.30.51.206]) by fenix.sasa.com.ni (8.7.4/8.7.3) with ESMTP id PAA10808 for <rem-conf@es.net>; Sun, 16 Aug 1998 15:05:37 -0600 (CST)
Received: by cielo.sasa.com.ni with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <Q027KAZF>; Sun, 16 Aug 1998 14:47:33 -0600
Message-ID: <20EC40B45418D2118E3800609708B11B021B41@cielo.sasa.com.ni>
From: Amacias Toledo <atoledo@sasa.com.ni>
To: "'rem-conf@es.net'" <rem-conf@es.net>
Subject: Information H.323 standard
Date: Sun, 16 Aug 1998 14:47:31 -0600
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Hello Don Kordick. 


This quite interesting this of the H.323 that is the estandar for the
communication of audio and video for LAN/WAN, they could say me where I
could find information specify of this protocol, something as well as
the RFC of INTERNIC. Since attempts to consent in the ITU-T but all
these documents are charged. 

They for chance don't know one point where could go down this
information freely, my objectives are understand the new technology mere
and make a species of study-summary of this Estandar. For the school.


Thank you for their help









From rem-conf Mon Aug 17 06:45:27 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 17 06:45:26 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8PNs-0003u2-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 06:31:40 -0700
Received: from www.radio.cbc.ca [159.33.1.50] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8PNq-0003ts-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 06:31:38 -0700
Received: from localhost (594 bytes) by www.radio.cbc.ca
	via send-mail with P:stdio/R:inet_hosts/T:smtp
	(sender: <jlawlor>) (ident <jlawlor> using unix)
	id <m0z8PO2-0002yAC@www.radio.cbc.ca>
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 09:31:50 -0400 (EDT)
	(Smail-3.2.0.100 1997-Dec-8 #1 built 1998-Jul-24)
Message-Id: <m0z8PO2-0002yAC@www.radio.cbc.ca>
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1998 09:31:50 -0400 (EDT)
From: jlawlor@radio.cbc.ca (Joe Lawlor)
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Web page url's
X-Sun-Charset: US-ASCII
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

I apologize if this is the wrong place to ask this question.

Is somebody working on a type of <A HREF...> </a> That can allow me to call
an Mbone stream from a Web Page? 
Who would do such a thing?
Is it a matter of setting up Mime-types?
Where might this kind of thing get developed if it is not already available?


Thanks you for your patience.

Joe Lawlor  CBC Radio on the Internet Project
jlawlor@www.radio.cbc.ca
Check out "http://www.radio.cbc.ca/"




From rem-conf Mon Aug 17 07:26:07 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 17 07:26:06 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8QCB-0004tD-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 07:23:39 -0700
Received: from north.lcs.mit.edu [18.26.0.4] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8QC9-0004t3-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 07:23:37 -0700
Received: from north.lcs.mit.edu by north.lcs.mit.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id KAA24547; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 10:23:18 -0400
From: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>
X-Organisation: Information Sciences Institute, USC
X-Phone: +1 617 253 6011
To: jlawlor@radio.cbc.ca (Joe Lawlor)
cc: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Web page url's 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 17 Aug 1998 09:31:50 EDT."
             <m0z8PO2-0002yAC@www.radio.cbc.ca> 
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1998 10:23:18 -0400
Message-ID: <24545.903363798@north.lcs.mit.edu>
Sender: mjh@north.lcs.mit.edu
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


>Is somebody working on a type of <A HREF...> </a> That can allow me to call
>an Mbone stream from a Web Page? 
>Who would do such a thing?
>Is it a matter of setting up Mime-types?
>Where might this kind of thing get developed if it is not already available?

There are two standard ways to do this:

1. Have the hyperlink fetch the session description using HTTP.  The
response will be in SDP (RFC 2327) with content type application/sdp.
The client parses the SDP and starts the media tools (or receives the
streams itself).

2. Have the hyperlink be of type rtsp (See RFC 2326).  Use RTSP to get
a session description and join the session.

Which of the two you might choose depends on whether or not you need
the extra control you get from RTSP.

Cheers,
	Mark



From rem-conf Mon Aug 17 07:57:33 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 17 07:57:32 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8Qei-0005oG-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 07:53:08 -0700
Received: from omega.xerox.com (alpha.xerox.com) [13.1.64.95] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8Qeg-0005nn-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 07:53:06 -0700
Received: from mango.parc.xerox.com ([13.1.102.232]) by alpha.xerox.com with SMTP id <40739(2)>; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 07:52:00 PDT
Received: from mango.parc.xerox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by mango.parc.xerox.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id HAA05371;
	Mon, 17 Aug 1998 07:51:52 -0700 (PDT)
	(envelope-from fenner@mango.parc.xerox.com)
Message-Id: <199808171451.HAA05371@mango.parc.xerox.com>
To: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>
cc: jlawlor@radio.cbc.ca (Joe Lawlor), rem-conf@es.NET
Subject: Re: Web page url's 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 17 Aug 1998 07:23:18 PDT."
             <24545.903363798@north.lcs.mit.edu> 
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1998 07:51:52 PDT
From: Bill Fenner <fenner@parc.xerox.com>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

In message <24545.903363798@north.lcs.mit.edu>you write:
>1. Have the hyperlink fetch the session description using HTTP.  The
>response will be in SDP (RFC 2327) with content type application/sdp.

Small sdp messages (smaller than 1K after data-URL-encoding) can
be encoded directly in an HTML page without another round trip to
the server, using the data: URL type.  I've been thinking that this
encoding is appropriate for SD and SDP for a long time; now that
there's a general data: URL (see RFC 2397) there doesn't have to
be an SDP-specific way of doing it.

i.e.

<A HREF="data:application/sdp,v=0%0ao=fenner ... etc.">Click here</A>

  Bill



From rem-conf Mon Aug 17 08:51:50 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 17 08:51:50 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8RWS-0006tZ-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 08:48:40 -0700
Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.5.31] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8RWQ-0006tP-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 08:48:38 -0700
Received: from eucharisto.cs.ucl.ac.uk by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP 
          id <g.24758-0@bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk>; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 16:48:30 +0100
To: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
cc: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-avt-fec-03
In-reply-to: Your message of "Sat, 15 Aug 1998 16:44:34 EDT." <35D5F332.9AF973B5@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1998 16:48:28 +0100
Message-ID: <11220.903368908@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
From: Colin Perkins <C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--> Jonathan Rosenberg writes:
>Colin Perkins wrote:
>> For example, assume you're using the following scheme:
>>         a,b,c,d,e,f -> a, f(a,b), b, f(b,c), c, f(c,d), d, ...
>> and wish to send packets a,b unencrypted and packets c,d encrypted. The FEC
>> operation works on unencrypted media data, and the resulting FEC packets
>> are then encrypted. If f(b,c) is encrypted it cannot be used for recovery
>> of b by receivers which don't have the encryption key.
>
>But, if the receivers don't have the key, they can't decrypt the media
>anyway, so the difference is just packet b. I don't see this as a
>problem, since they won't get the rest of the conversation anyway.

Sure, it only affects the tail-end of a stream where the key is going to
change such that some receivers don't have the new key. As such it's not
a big deal in most cases...

>> However, if the FEC is generated from the encrypted packets, f(b,c) is
>> still useful for those receivers which don't have the key, yet doesn't
>> help them obtain information about c.
>
>Besides this, are there any reasons for doing the FEC after encryption
>as opposed to before? I'm wondering if there are any impacts on the
>effeciveness of the algorithms, or something like that.

I don't think it'll affect the encryption, but I'm hardly an expert in the
way DES works..... 

Colin



From rem-conf Mon Aug 17 10:41:51 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 17 10:41:50 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8TDy-0000he-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 10:37:42 -0700
Received: from el-postino.s-vision.com [207.108.173.5] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8TDw-0000hU-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 10:37:41 -0700
Received: by el-postino.s-vision.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2232.9)
	id <RBY5GPRM>; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 11:37:41 -0600
Message-ID: <00D7B108BAFFD011B66D00A0C903629C32BBCB@el-postino.s-vision.com>
From: Richard Shields <richards@s-vision.com>
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: H.263+ RTP Payload Header?
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1998 11:37:41 -0600
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2232.9)
Content-Type: text/plain
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

I'm looking for the H.263+ RTP payload header description.  Can someone give
me a pointer to it's location?

Thanks,
Richard



From rem-conf Mon Aug 17 11:54:53 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 17 11:54:52 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8UNz-0001uW-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 11:52:07 -0700
Received: from dirty.research.bell-labs.com [204.178.16.6] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8UNy-0001uL-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 11:52:06 -0700
Received: from zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.180.130.56]) by dirty; Mon Aug 17 14:50:12 EDT 1998
Received: from dnrc.bell-labs.com (arrakis [135.180.130.41])
	by zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id OAA29336;
	Mon, 17 Aug 1998 14:50:28 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35D87B00.35826540@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1998 14:48:32 -0400
From: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Colin Perkins <C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
CC: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-avt-fec-03
References: <11220.903368908@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Colin Perkins wrote:
> 
> >But, if the receivers don't have the key, they can't decrypt the media
> >anyway, so the difference is just packet b. I don't see this as a
> >problem, since they won't get the rest of the conversation anyway.
> 
> Sure, it only affects the tail-end of a stream where the key is going to
> change such that some receivers don't have the new key. As such it's not
> a big deal in most cases...

Yes, I think we can just not worry about this one.


> >Besides this, are there any reasons for doing the FEC after encryption
> >as opposed to before? I'm wondering if there are any impacts on the
> >effeciveness of the algorithms, or something like that.
> 
> I don't think it'll affect the encryption, but I'm hardly an expert in the
> way DES works.....

My concern was less the actual algorithm correctness, but rather if
there were any protocol related security issues, like denial of service
or an opening for some known-ciphertext attacks. 

-Jonathan R.

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg                       Lucent Technologies
Member of Technical Staff                   101 Crawfords Corner Rd.
High Speed Networks Research                Holmdel, NJ 07733
FAX:   (732) 834-5379                       Rm. 4C-526
EMAIL: jdrosen@bell-labs.com
URL: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen



From rem-conf Mon Aug 17 23:34:23 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 17 23:34:22 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8fG0-00070T-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 23:28:36 -0700
Received: from hydra.precept.com [204.162.119.8] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8fFy-00070D-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 23:28:34 -0700
Received: from big-bear (big-bear.precept.com [204.162.119.41])
	by hydra.precept.com (8.8.6/8.8.6) with SMTP id XAA11635;
	Mon, 17 Aug 1998 23:27:33 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1998 23:27:33 -0700 (PDT)
From: Stephen Casner <casner@cisco.com>
X-Sender: casner@big-bear.precept.com
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Message-ID: <Pine.SO4.4.00.9808172325280.18692-100000@big-bear.precept.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

AVT Working Group:

Here's the proposed agenda for the AVT meeting next week.  Please note
that the second session was moved from morning to afternoon to
accommodate some some other scheduling conflict.  If you requested a
slot and we overlooked it, or if you have other comments, please let
us know.

Also, please note the drafts associated with each topic.  In
particular, please take a look at the revised RTP protocol
specification draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01.txt,.ps and RTP audio/video
profile draft-ietf-avt-profile-new-03.txt,.ps.  These are in
preparation for going to draft standard.  Another message with details
about them will follow.

And lastly, we'd appreciate it if some folks familiar with payload
formats and with codecs would take a look at the QCELP draft
draft-mckay-qcelp-01.txt to see if it is ready for WG last call.

                                 -- Steve Casner and Colin Perkins



                       Audio/Video Transport WG
                                   
			     A G E N D A

Wednesday, August 26, 15:30-17:30

  - Introduction and status [Casner]			15
      - IESG status on:
	    draft-tynan-rtp-bt656-03.txt
	    draft-ietf-avt-jpeg-new-02.txt
	    draft-ietf-avt-crtp-05.txt
	    draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h263-video-02.txt
      - Drafts to act upon:
	  - Guidelines for RTP payload formats
	    draft-ietf-avt-rtp-format-guidelines-00.txt,.ps
	  - RTP Payload Format for PureVoice(tm) Audio
	    draft-mckay-qcelp-01.txt

? - Status of RTP MIB and H.media MIB [Baugher]		 5

  - RTP multiplexing protocol proposals:		45
	draft-ietf-avt-aggregation-00.txt [Rosenberg]
?	draft-tanigawa-rtp-multiplex-00.txt [Hoshi, Tsukada, Tanigawa]
	late draft from Nokia [Senthil]

  - DMIF for RTP/MPEG4 [Balabanian]			10
	    draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mpeg4-dmif-00.txt

  - Discussion						45


Thursday, August 27, 13:00-15:00

  - RTP spec and profile issues	[Casner]		30
	    draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01.txt, .ps
	    draft-ietf-avt-profile-new-03.txt, .ps
      - Improvement to SSRC scaling [Rosenberg]		10
	    draft-ietf-avt-rtpsample-00.txt

  - Update on RTP redundancy mechanism [Perkins]	10

  - FEC payload format [Rosenberg]			15
	    draft-ietf-avt-fec-03.txt

  - AVT revised charter bashing				15




From rem-conf Tue Aug 18 00:00:58 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 18 00:00:57 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8fjM-0007mn-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 23:58:56 -0700
Received: from isb.worldwerx.com.pk [194.133.48.216] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8fjI-0007ju-00; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 23:58:53 -0700
Received: from riqbal (pc34.worldwerx.com.pk [192.168.5.34])
	by isb.worldwerx.com.pk (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id LAA01635
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 11:51:16 +0500
Message-Id: <199808180651.LAA01635@isb.worldwerx.com.pk>
From: "Rashed Iqbal" <rashed.iqbal@isb.worldwerx.com.pk>
Organization: Worldwerx, Islamabad
To: rem-conf@es.net
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 12:06:47 PKT
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Subject: The Padding Bit
X-Confirm-Reading-To: "Rashed Iqbal" <rashed.iqbal@isb.worldwerx.com.pk>
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Win32 (v3.01b)
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Hello All,

I have a small query regarding padding as 
specified by RFC 1889. I'll be grateful if 
someone confirms (or refute!) my understanding 
as given below.

> RFC 1889 reads:
> padding (P): 1 bit
> If the padding bit is set, the packet contains
> one or more additional padding octets at the 
> end which are not part of the payload. The
> last octet of the padding contains a count of
> how many padding octets should be ignored.
> Padding may be needed by some encryption
> algorithms with fixed block sizes or for
> carrying several RTP packets in a lower-layer
> protocol data unit.

MY UNDERSTANDING is that if only one padding 
octet is to be appended at the end of payload, 
the last octet will contain 0x01 and this octet 
will be the very octet that will be ignored by a 
decoder. In this case, if the padding bit is 
set, it is illegal to have a zero value in the 
last octet.


Rashed




From rem-conf Tue Aug 18 06:03:17 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 18 06:03:15 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8lGo-0003Wv-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 05:53:50 -0700
Received: from is1-50.antd.nist.gov (is1-55.antd.nist.gov) [129.6.50.251] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8lGn-0003Wl-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 05:53:49 -0700
Received: from muon.ncsl.nist.gov (muon.ncsl.nist.gov [129.6.55.158])
	by is1-55.antd.nist.gov (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id IAA16840;
	Tue, 18 Aug 1998 08:52:07 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <002e01bdcaa7$1c26dca0$9e370681@muon.ncsl.nist.gov>
Reply-To: "Wo Chang" <wchang@nist.gov>
From: "Wo Chang" <wchang@nist.gov>
To: <jmf-interest@Sun.COM>
Cc: <rem-conf@es.net>
Subject: Looking for RTP-based MPEG-2 player
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 08:52:51 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2120.0
X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2120.0
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Are there any RTP-based MPEG-2 players available?
Public domain and commercial are welcome.

I have looked at the followings but doesn't seem to meet
my requirement (be able to play MPEG-2 stream over RTP):

  * vat/vic - support RTP but not with MPEG-2 (yet)

  * IP/TV - support RTP but only with MPEG-1
                 (I'm running an evaluation copy, MPEG-1 works
                  ok but not MPEG-2.  If IP/TV can handle MPEG-2,
                  my problem solved)

  * Sun's ShowME TV - support RTP but with MPEG-1

  * ICAST - support RTP with ITU H.261 and ITU H.263

  * Xing's StreamWorks 4.0 (release Oct. 1998) - support MPEG-1
                 and MPEG-2, but not sure if it is RTP-based.

Any pointers are greatly appreciated.

Best regards,

--Wo Chang




From rem-conf Tue Aug 18 07:12:57 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 18 07:12:55 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8mLe-0004lE-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 07:02:54 -0700
Received: from odin.ietf.org (ietf.org) [132.151.1.176] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8mLc-0004k0-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 07:02:52 -0700
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.8.5/8.8.7a) with ESMTP id KAA08749
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 10:01:48 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199808181401.KAA08749@ietf.org>
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: 42nd IETF-Multicast Schedule
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 10:01:47 -0400
From: Marcia Beaulieu <mbeaulie@ns.cnri.reston.va.us>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

	   Chicago IETF Multicast Guide (as of 08/18/98)


Following is the tentative schedule of plenary meetings and working
group sessions to be transmitted; to interpret the acronyms, see the
agenda at http://www.ietf.org/meetings/agenda_chic.txt 
It is possible that this schedule will be modified.

MULTICAST GUIDE


Note that times are in Central Time. UTC (aka GMT) also provided.


MONDAY     0930-1130   1300-1500   1530-1730   1930-2200
    (UTC)  1430-1630   1800-2000   2030-2230   2430-0300
=========+===========+===========+===========+===========+
 CHAN 1  | mobileip  |   iptel   |    ion    |           |
=========+===========+===========+===========+===========+
 CHAN 2  |  nfsv4    |   nfsv4   |   mboned  |   policy  |
=========+===========+===========+===========+===========+


TUESDAY    0900-1000   1015-1115   1300-1400   1415-1515
    (UTC)  1400-1500   1515-1615   1800-1900   1915-2015
=========+===========+===========+===========+===========+
 CHAN 1  |   rsvp    |   issll   |  malloc   |  malloc   |
=========+===========+===========+===========+===========+
 CHAN 2  |   ippm    |   idmr    |           |  ipsec    |
=========+===========+===========+===========+===========+

    TUESDAY   (CON'T)  1545-1645   1700-1800 
                (UTC)  2045-2145   2200-2300
            =========+===========+===========+
             CHAN 1  |           |           |
            =========+===========+===========+
             CHAN 2  |  ipngwg   |  ipngwg   |
            =========+===========+===========+    


WEDNESDAY  0900-1130   1300-1500   1530-1730   1930-2200
    (UTC)  1400-1630   1800-2000   2030-2230   2430-0300
=========+===========+===========+===========+===========+
 CHAN 1  |   nat     |   smiv2   |    avt    |  plenary  |
=========+===========+===========+===========+===========+
 CHAN 2  |  diffserv |   mmusic  |  tcpsat   |  plenary  |
=========+===========+===========+===========+===========+


THURSDAY   0900-1130   1300-1500   1530-1730
    (UTC)  1400-1630   1800-2000   2030-2230
=========+===========+===========+===========+
 CHAN 1  |  ipngwg   |    avt    |   pint    |
=========+===========+===========+===========+
 CHAN 2  | diffserv   |   rap    |           |
=========+===========+===========+===========+

FRIDAY     0900-1130
    (UTC)  1400-1630  
=========+===========+
 CHAN 1  |  tcpimpl  |
=========+===========+
 CHAN 2  |           |
=========+===========+
                                                                  

Each day's program may also be replayed by tape delay from: 2330
						     (UTC): 0430

Advice for remote participants:

Please keep your microphones muted and your video transmissions
disabled during the plenaries and working group sessions, unless
or until invited to respond by the chair of the session.

Vat users can disable reception of accidental sources of audio
multicasts (such as people who forget to mute their mics) by
clicking in the box next to that source's name.



From rem-conf Tue Aug 18 07:12:57 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 18 07:12:55 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8mNJ-0004la-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 07:04:37 -0700
Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.5.31] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8mNH-0004lQ-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 07:04:36 -0700
Received: from eucharisto.cs.ucl.ac.uk by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP 
          id <g.26683-0@bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk>; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 15:03:13 +0100
To: Rashed Iqbal <rashed.iqbal@isb.worldwerx.com.pk>
cc: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: The Padding Bit
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 18 Aug 1998 12:06:47 +0700." <199808180651.LAA01635@isb.worldwerx.com.pk>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 15:03:06 +0100
Message-ID: <4794.903448986@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
From: Colin Perkins <C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--> Rashed Iqbal writes:
>Hello All,
>
>I have a small query regarding padding as 
>specified by RFC 1889. I'll be grateful if 
>someone confirms (or refute!) my understanding 
>as given below.
>
>> RFC 1889 reads:
>> padding (P): 1 bit
>> If the padding bit is set, the packet contains
>> one or more additional padding octets at the 
>> end which are not part of the payload. The
>> last octet of the padding contains a count of
>> how many padding octets should be ignored.
>> Padding may be needed by some encryption
>> algorithms with fixed block sizes or for
>> carrying several RTP packets in a lower-layer
>> protocol data unit.
>
>MY UNDERSTANDING is that if only one padding 
>octet is to be appended at the end of payload, 
>the last octet will contain 0x01 and this octet 
>will be the very octet that will be ignored by a 
>decoder. In this case, if the padding bit is 
>set, it is illegal to have a zero value in the 
>last octet.

That is my understanding. In draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01 this paragraph is
clarified to say  "The last octet of the padding contains a count of how
many padding octets should be ignored, including itself".

Colin



From rem-conf Tue Aug 18 09:13:00 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 18 09:13:00 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8oIy-0007Bh-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 09:08:16 -0700
Received: from artemis.rus.uni-stuttgart.de [129.69.18.28] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8oIw-0007BX-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 09:08:15 -0700
Received: from kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de (kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de [129.69.30.17])
	by artemis.rus.uni-stuttgart.de (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id SAA24745;
	Tue, 18 Aug 1998 18:05:09 +0200 (MET DST)
	env-from (christ@rus.uni-stuttgart.de)
Received: from rus.uni-stuttgart.de (ksat10.rus.uni-stuttgart.de [129.69.30.170])
	by kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id RAA21627;
	Tue, 18 Aug 1998 17:55:11 +0200 (MET DST)
Message-ID: <35D9B45C.9302ECF1@rus.uni-stuttgart.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 19:05:32 +0200
From: Paul Christ <christ@rus.uni-stuttgart.de>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: c.perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk, christ@rus.uni-stuttgart.de,
        wesner@rus.uni-stuttgart.de
CC: rem-conf@es.net, Christine Guillemot <christine.guillemot@irisa.fr>
Subject: Status of Generic Payload
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Colin, dear all, 
(Colin, remember me - I am with  Andreas Rozek in MECCANO :-)

Finally we at RUS too ended up in the avt group etc. <= 

In the ACTS COMIQS project, we are working in the direction of a
payload, as generic as possible, that could be usable for different
stream types, including audio, video, scene description (in the MPEG-4
sense), and that could support error protection mechanisms
(under the form of redundant data, or FEC) tailored to data segment
types with different levels of priority and/or latency tolerance (e.g;
decoder configuration information.....

Sending our colleague Stefan Wesner (a talented but newcomer ...)
over to Chicago - and finding nothing in the agenda concerning
'the generic payload' - question:

What is the status with respect to generic payload concepts
proposed by microsoft and sun at the last IETF meeting.

(Knowing we missed the deadline this time we may nevertheless
send you our ideas wrt generic payload towards the end of the week)

All the best



Paul



From rem-conf Tue Aug 18 09:47:51 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 18 09:47:51 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8ou6-0000KF-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 09:46:38 -0700
Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.5.31] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8ou2-0000K2-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 09:46:37 -0700
Received: from eucharisto.cs.ucl.ac.uk by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP 
          id <g.05502-0@bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk>; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 17:46:04 +0100
To: Paul Christ <christ@rus.uni-stuttgart.de>
cc: wesner@rus.uni-stuttgart.de, rem-conf@es.net, christine.guillemot@irisa.fr
Subject: Re: Status of Generic Payload
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 18 Aug 1998 19:05:32 +0200." <35D9B45C.9302ECF1@rus.uni-stuttgart.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 17:46:03 +0100
Message-ID: <12982.903458763@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
From: Colin Perkins <C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--> Paul Christ writes:
>Colin, dear all, 
>(Colin, remember me - I am with  Andreas Rozek in MECCANO :-)

I remember, welcome!

>Finally we at RUS too ended up in the avt group etc. <= 
>
>In the ACTS COMIQS project, we are working in the direction of a
>payload, as generic as possible, that could be usable for different
>stream types, including audio, video, scene description (in the MPEG-4
>sense), and that could support error protection mechanisms
>(under the form of redundant data, or FEC) tailored to data segment
>types with different levels of priority and/or latency tolerance (e.g;
>decoder configuration information.....
>
>Sending our colleague Stefan Wesner (a talented but newcomer ...)
>over to Chicago - and finding nothing in the agenda concerning
>'the generic payload' - question:
>
>What is the status with respect to generic payload concepts
>proposed by microsoft and sun at the last IETF meeting.

The two groups agreed to work together to produce a joint proposal. To the
best of my knowledge this merger is not yet complete, so no agenda time was
requested for this meeting. 

Maybe someone working on this could give an update on the current state of
the work for the list?

Regards,
Colin



From rem-conf Tue Aug 18 11:17:22 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 18 11:17:22 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8qHj-0001gB-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 11:15:07 -0700
Received: from mail-out1.apple.com [17.254.0.52] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8qHi-0001g1-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 11:15:06 -0700
Received: from mailgate.apple.com (A17-128-100-225.apple.com [17.128.100.225])
	by mail-out1.apple.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id KAA13352
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 10:56:04 -0700
Received: from scv4.apple.com (scv4.apple.com [17.128.100.142]) by mailgate.apple.com
 (mailgate.apple.com2.0.15) with ESMTP id <B0001781173@mailgate.apple.com>;
 Tue, 18 Aug 1998 10:55:37 -0700
Received: from [17.255.20.102] (dsinger2.apple.com [17.255.20.102])
	by scv4.apple.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id KAA16076;
	Tue, 18 Aug 1998 10:55:26 -0700
X-Sender: singer@mail.apple.com
Message-Id: <v04003a8ab1ff6f0f90a9@[17.255.20.102]>
In-Reply-To: <12982.903458763@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
References: "Your message of Tue, 18 Aug 1998 19:05:32 +0200."
 <35D9B45C.9302ECF1@rus.uni-stuttgart.de>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 10:51:59 -0700
To: Colin Perkins <C.Perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
From: Dave Singer <singer@apple.com>
Subject: Re: Status of Generic Payload
Cc: Paul Christ <christ@rus.uni-stuttgart.de>, wesner@rus.uni-stuttgart.de,
        rem-conf@es.net, christine.guillemot@irisa.fr
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

At 5:46 PM +0100 8/18/98, Colin Perkins wrote:
>--> Paul Christ writes:
>>Colin, dear all,
>>(Colin, remember me - I am with  Andreas Rozek in MECCANO :-)
>
>I remember, welcome!
>
>>Finally we at RUS too ended up in the avt group etc. <=
>>
>>In the ACTS COMIQS project, we are working in the direction of a
>>payload, as generic as possible, that could be usable for different
>>stream types, including audio, video, scene description (in the MPEG-4
>>sense), and that could support error protection mechanisms
>>(under the form of redundant data, or FEC) tailored to data segment
>>types with different levels of priority and/or latency tolerance (e.g;
>>decoder configuration information.....
>>
>>Sending our colleague Stefan Wesner (a talented but newcomer ...)
>>over to Chicago - and finding nothing in the agenda concerning
>>'the generic payload' - question:
>>
>>What is the status with respect to generic payload concepts
>>proposed by microsoft and sun at the last IETF meeting.
>
>The two groups agreed to work together to produce a joint proposal. To the
>best of my knowledge this merger is not yet complete, so no agenda time was
>requested for this meeting.
>
>Maybe someone working on this could give an update on the current state of
>the work for the list?
>
>Regards,
>Colin

You are right. Sun, Microsoft and Apple agreed to work on a merged
proposal, but none of us have had time to actually do the merge. I think we
feel that we ought to solve this problem, but it's not pressing.

What would really help is some feedback on the various schemes and ideas
presented. We achieved varying levels of complexity and functionality, in
these areas:

a) packing the media data into RTP packets
b) naming the resulting packing (e.g. in an SDP RTPMAP)
c) naming the enclosed media data (e.g. in an SDP RTPMAP)

David Singer
Apple Computer/QuickTime 408-974-3162





From rem-conf Tue Aug 18 14:12:45 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 18 14:12:45 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8sxA-0004XF-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 14:06:04 -0700
Received: from 2cust84.tnt16.chi5.da.uu.net (sendmail) [153.36.168.84] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z8sx8-0004Wq-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 14:06:02 -0700
To: <rem-conf@es.net>
From: <viewzone@cyber-host.net>
Subject: AD: New on-line zine needs YOUR help!
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 12:30:25
Message-Id: <E0z8sx8-0004Wq-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

This message is sent in compliance with the new e-mail bill: SECTION 
301, 
Paragraph (a)(2)(C) of s. 1618

Sender : ViewZone, 1 Phelps Lane, Simsbury, CT 06070
Phone  : 1-860-651-7433
E-mail : viewzone@cyber-host.net

To be removed from our mailing list, simply reply with "REMOVE" in the
subject.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

We'd Like Your Help

ViewZone is an on-line magazine that looks at life from different 
angles. 
It's hard to describe but we think you'll enjoy it - AND we want your 
opinion.

Viewzone is a little crazy at times, thought provoking, sometimes
controversial - but always entertaining. 

""""We hate spam (except for breakfast) - but we thought you'd want to
check out this new on-line magazine. It's FREE and, well, we'd like your
opinion on what you see."""""

Weird science, humor, reality(!), interesting personalities and
interesting adventures... check us out! (e-mail back from the site)

We're at: 

http://www.viewzone.com

Gary Vey
CEO, Viewzone Magazine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



From rem-conf Tue Aug 18 23:07:27 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 18 23:07:26 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z91Kn-0000z5-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 23:03:01 -0700
Received: from hydra.precept.com [204.162.119.8] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z91Km-0000yV-00; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 23:03:00 -0700
Received: from big-bear (big-bear.precept.com [204.162.119.41])
	by hydra.precept.com (8.8.6/8.8.6) with SMTP id XAA25380;
	Tue, 18 Aug 1998 23:01:59 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 23:01:59 -0700 (PDT)
From: Stephen Casner <casner@cisco.com>
X-Sender: casner@big-bear.precept.com
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Revised RTP spec and profile drafts
Message-ID: <Pine.SO4.4.00.9808182259210.19877-100000@big-bear.precept.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

As mentioned in the message about the AVT agenda, I'd like to call
your attention to the revised RTP protocol specification
draft-ietf-avt-rtp-new-01.txt,.ps and RTP audio/video profile
draft-ietf-avt-profile-new-03.txt,.ps.  These are in preparation for
going to draft standard.

The revised RTP spec includes all the pending changes that have been
discussed over the past several meetings, except for a couple that are
intentionally omitted as noted in the "Resolution of Open Issues"
section preceding the Introduction.  A new Appendix B lists all the
changes from RFC 1889, and the PostScript version of the draft
includes changebars for all the changes other than minor wording
tweaks.  One change not visible is that the last paragraph of the
Introduction section in RFC 1889, which suggested that implementers
include warnings about bandwidth usage, has been deleted as no longer
relevant.

I believe this version is pretty close to ready for WG last call for
publication as Draft Standard except that I did not manage before the
posting deadline to give the draft a complete reading through to
change "must" to "MUST", etc., where needed.  So, if you want to
express concern about what has changed or not changed, now is the
time.  In particular, the wording in Section 6 making RTCP mandatory
for IP multicast environments has been relaxed.  Does it provide the
right level of motivation now?


The revised A/V Profile needs a bit more work before it is ready.
Sorry, the insertion of changebars in the PostScript verions is not
complete.  This draft includes the changes discussed at the last
meeting, namely the addition of a static payload type for QCELP but
also a statement that no further new static assignments will be made.
However, I think Section 3 on registering payload types needs further
revision to reflect this change.

Another change needed in the Profile is to specify that the encoding
names defined therein are to be registered as MIME subtypes (of the
audio or video major types), and that this is the method for defining
any additional encoding names in the future.  This step was one of the
conclusions we came to in our discussion of generic payload formats at
the last meeting, and was reinforced in a dinner discussion with
Harald Alvestrand.

I don't know if these encoding names can be registered as MIME
subtypes through the profile document itself, or whether another
document will be required.  In whichever document, it will be
necessary to specify what it means to define one of these encoding
names, i.e., what information is bound to the name for RTP purposes.
This is part of the SDP aspects of the generic payload format problem
as listed by Dave Singer.  I plan to talk about this as part of the
discussion of the RTP spec and profile revisions.

BTW, I intended to mention in the agenda message that generic payload
formats were not on the agenda because the authors had not yet
prepared a merged proposal and preferred to defer the discussion until
the next meeting.
							-- Steve




From rem-conf Wed Aug 19 00:48:36 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 19 00:48:34 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z92w1-00029H-00; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 00:45:33 -0700
Received: from necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp [131.112.32.132] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z92w0-00028z-00; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 00:45:32 -0700
From: Masataka Ohta <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
Message-Id: <199808190734.QAA09166@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
Received: by necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp (8.6.11/TM2.1)
	id QAA09166; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 16:34:09 +0900
Subject: Re: Web page url's
To: jlawlor@radio.cbc.ca (Joe Lawlor)
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 98 16:34:07 JST
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
In-Reply-To: <m0z8PO2-0002yAC@www.radio.cbc.ca>; from "Joe Lawlor" at Aug 17, 98 9:31 am
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.3 PL11]
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Joe;

> I apologize if this is the wrong place to ask this question.
> 
> Is somebody working on a type of <A HREF...> </a> That can allow me to call
> an Mbone stream from a Web Page? 

Yes.

> Who would do such a thing?

See:

	draft-fujikawa-sdp-url-01.txt

> Is it a matter of setting up Mime-types?

No, because the description needs a lot of parameters without inline
headers.

FYI, data URL, which describes a description of a stream, neither,
is no good.

							Masataka Ohta



From rem-conf Wed Aug 19 08:18:12 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 19 08:18:10 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z99rt-000617-00; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 08:09:45 -0700
Received: from smtpott1.nortel.ca [192.58.194.78] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z99rr-00060x-00; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 08:09:43 -0700
Received: from zcars00t by smtpott1; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 11:09:05 -0400
Received: from ca.nortel.com by zcars00t.ca.nortel.com 
          id <08899-0@zcars00t.ca.nortel.com>; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 11:05:43 -0400
Date: 19 Aug 1998 09:31 EDT
Sender: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
To: casner@cisco.com
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Subject: re:Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Message-Id: <E0z99rr-00060x-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Dear All,

In message "Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago", 
casner@cisco.com writes:

>AVT Working Group:
>
>Here's the proposed agenda for the AVT meeting next week.  
...
>
>  - DMIF for RTP/MPEG4 [Balabanian]			10
>	    draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mpeg4-dmif-00.txt

Please note tha I have an updated version '01' of the above 
that can be accessed with anonymous from ftp at 
192.58.194.75/pub/vahe 
or at ftp.playground.net/pub/vahe

We have been familiarized with MPEG-4 over the last 2 meetings.
We realize that MPEG-4 is unlike any existing RTP Payload Type
because it has its own stream structure and decoder types
defined in separate streams i.e., it contains streams about
its streams consisting of  Scene and Object Descriptor streams.

The issues of mapping MPEG-4 over RTP have now been identified:

a) RTP Time Stamp is either derived fom MPEG-4 Composition TS
   (monotonicaly increasing order not preserved)or from an 
   RTP source clock. An out of band DMIF signal provides the
   MPEG-4 stream configuration at the time of establishing the 
   stream in order to derive the Composition TS.

b) RTP carries a generic payload type. The latter is specified 
   elsewhere. There has been some work in RTP on this with the 
   Payload Type being specified in SDP RTPMAP. Also see d)

c) Multistreaming over RTP. There is work being done in AVT
   on RTP Mux but it requires consistency of RTP Time Stamps
   for the streams being carried over the RTP Mux.

d) Dynamic SDP streaming to correspond to the scene and 
   Object Descriptor streams in MPEG-4. Of course no 
   parallel work exists yet on this in MMUSIC or AVT.

At the meeting I would like to get the latest views on the 
above issues as well as consider the implications of the 
option below:

MPEG4 being modified by AVT/MMUSIC jointly with MPEG for
suitable operation over IP as a next generation RTP.

This approach is better than piecemeal adjustments to RTP.

Any feedback is welcome.

Vahe Balabanian
balabani@nortel.ca
Phone: (613) 763-4721 


b) 



From rem-conf Wed Aug 19 08:18:12 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 19 08:18:11 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z99wR-00062L-00; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 08:14:27 -0700
Received: from smtpott1.nortel.ca [192.58.194.78] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z99wQ-00062B-00; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 08:14:26 -0700
Received: from zcars00t by smtpott1; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 11:13:46 -0400
Received: from ca.nortel.com by zcars00t.ca.nortel.com 
          id <08871-0@zcars00t.ca.nortel.com>; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 11:07:36 -0400
Date: 19 Aug 1998 09:31 EDT
Sender: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
To: casner@cisco.com
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Subject: re:Proposed agenda for AVT
Message-Id: <E0z99wQ-00062B-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Dear All,

In message "Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago", 
casner@cisco.com writes:

>AVT Working Group:
>
>Here's the proposed agenda for the AVT meeting next week.  
...
>
>  - DMIF for RTP/MPEG4 [Balabanian]			10
>	    draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mpeg4-dmif-00.txt

Please note tha I have an updated version '01' of the above 
that can be accessed with anonymous from ftp at 
192.58.194.75/pub/vahe 
or at ftp.playground.net/pub/vahe

We have been familiarized with MPEG-4 over the last 2 meetings.
We realize that MPEG-4 is unlike any existing RTP Payload Type
because it has its own stream structure and decoder types
defined in separate streams i.e., it contains streams about
its streams consisting of  Scene and Object Descriptor streams.

The issues of mapping MPEG-4 over RTP have now been identified:

a) RTP Time Stamp is either derived fom MPEG-4 Composition TS
   (monotonicaly increasing order not preserved)or from an 
   RTP source clock. An out of band DMIF signal provides the
   MPEG-4 stream configuration at the time of establishing the 
   stream in order to derive the Composition TS.

b) RTP carries a generic payload type. The latter is specified 
   elsewhere. There has been some work in RTP on this with the 
   Payload Type being specified in SDP RTPMAP. Also see d)

c) Multistreaming over RTP. There is work being done in AVT
   on RTP Mux but it requires consistency of RTP Time Stamps
   for the streams being carried over the RTP Mux.

d) Dynamic SDP streaming to correspond to the scene and 
   Object Descriptor streams in MPEG-4. Of course no 
   parallel work exists yet on this in MMUSIC or AVT.

At the meeting I would like to get the latest views on the 
above issues as well as consider the implications of the 
option below:

MPEG4 being modified by AVT/MMUSIC jointly with MPEG for
suitable operation over IP as a next generation RTP.

This approach is better than piecemeal adjustments to RTP.

Any feedback is welcome.

Vahe Balabanian
balabani@nortel.ca
Phone: (613) 763-4721 


b) 



From rem-conf Wed Aug 19 09:44:46 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 19 09:44:46 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9BJB-0000YD-00; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 09:42:01 -0700
Received: from mail-out1.apple.com [17.254.0.52] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9BJA-0000Y2-00; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 09:42:00 -0700
Received: from mailgate.apple.com (A17-128-100-225.apple.com [17.128.100.225])
	by mail-out1.apple.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id JAA32430
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 09:31:35 -0700
Received: from scv2.apple.com (scv2.apple.com [17.128.100.140]) by mailgate.apple.com
 (mailgate.apple.com2.0.15) with ESMTP id <B0001801464@mailgate.apple.com>;
 Wed, 19 Aug 1998 09:31:06 -0700
Received: from [17.255.20.102] (dsinger2.apple.com [17.255.20.102])
	by scv2.apple.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id JAA17664;
	Wed, 19 Aug 1998 09:30:58 -0700
X-Sender: singer@mail.apple.com
Message-Id: <v04003a94b200ad3e6093@[17.255.20.102]>
In-Reply-To: <199808190734.QAA09166@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
References: <m0z8PO2-0002yAC@www.radio.cbc.ca>; from "Joe Lawlor" at Aug
 17, 98 9:31 am
MIME-Version: 1.0
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 1998 09:28:36 -0700
To: Masataka Ohta <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
From: Dave Singer <singer@apple.com>
Subject: Re: Web page url's
Cc: jlawlor@radio.cbc.ca (Joe Lawlor), rem-conf@es.net
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Your approach may have its benefits, but to say that embedded objects of
type "application/sdp" are "no good" is a little strong. They seem to work
fine, either as sdp files, or using data URLs. I've even tried them...and
seen them work.

At 4:34 PM +0900 8/19/98, Masataka Ohta wrote:
>Joe;
>
>> I apologize if this is the wrong place to ask this question.
>>
>> Is somebody working on a type of <A HREF...> </a> That can allow me to call
>> an Mbone stream from a Web Page?
>
>Yes.
>
>> Who would do such a thing?
>
>See:
>
>	draft-fujikawa-sdp-url-01.txt
>
>> Is it a matter of setting up Mime-types?
>
>No, because the description needs a lot of parameters without inline
>headers.
>
>FYI, data URL, which describes a description of a stream, neither,
>is no good.
>
>							Masataka Ohta


David Singer
Apple Computer/QuickTime 408-974-3162





From rem-conf Wed Aug 19 16:54:23 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 19 16:54:22 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9Hzr-0005c7-00; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 16:50:31 -0700
Received: from necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp [131.112.32.132] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9Hzq-0005bt-00; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 16:50:30 -0700
From: Masataka Ohta <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
Message-Id: <199808192340.IAA10886@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
Received: by necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp (8.6.11/TM2.1)
	id IAA10886; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 08:40:18 +0900
Subject: Re: Web page url's
To: singer@apple.com (Dave Singer)
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 98 8:40:17 JST
Cc: mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp, jlawlor@radio.cbc.ca, rem-conf@es.net
In-Reply-To: <v04003a94b200ad3e6093@[17.255.20.102]>; from "Dave Singer" at Aug 19, 98 9:28 am
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.3 PL11]
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

David;

> Your approach may have its benefits, but to say that embedded objects of
> type "application/sdp" are "no good" is a little strong.

Like data URLs, objects with application/sdp type is a description
of a description.

> They seem to work
> fine, either as sdp files, or using data URLs. I've even tried them...and
> seen them work.

That is perhaps because you are not handling sdp itself as an application.

You should be handling something pointed by SDP application.

It's like a difference between pointers to integers and
pointers to pointers to integers.

							Masataka Ohta



From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 08:35:34 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 08:35:33 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9WW7-0006YJ-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 08:20:47 -0700
Received: from smtpott1.nortel.ca [192.58.194.78] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9WW6-0006Y9-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 08:20:46 -0700
Received: from zcars00t by smtpott1; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 11:20:19 -0400
Received: from ca.nortel.com by zcars00t.ca.nortel.com 
          id <05356-0@zcars00t.ca.nortel.com>; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 11:17:27 -0400
Date: 20 Aug 1998 11:17 EDT
Sender: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
To: casner@cisco.com
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Subject: re:Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Message-Id: <E0z9WW6-0006Y9-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


Correction: replace ftp.playground.net/pub/vahe by
http://www.playground.net/~balabanianvahe/vahe/

My sincere apologies, 

Vahe
----->Previous message Aug 29, 1998Dear All,

In message "Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago", 
casner@cisco.com writes:

>AVT Working Group:
>
>Here's the proposed agenda for the AVT meeting next week.  
...
>
>  - DMIF for RTP/MPEG4 [Balabanian]			10
>	    draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mpeg4-dmif-00.txt

Please note tha I have an updated version '01' of the above 
that can be accessed with anonymous from ftp at 
192.58.194.75/pub/vahe 
or at ftp.playground.net/pub/vahe

We have been familiarized with MPEG-4 over the last 2 meetings.
We realize that MPEG-4 is unlike any existing RTP Payload Type
because it has its own stream structure and decoder types
defined in separate streams i.e., it contains streams about
its streams consisting of  Scene and Object Descriptor streams.

The issues of mapping MPEG-4 over RTP have now been identified:

a) RTP Time Stamp is either derived fom MPEG-4 Composition TS
   (monotonicaly increasing order not preserved)or from an 
   RTP source clock. An out of band DMIF signal provides the
   MPEG-4 stream configuration at the time of establishing the 
   stream in order to derive the Composition TS.

b) RTP carries a generic payload type. The latter is specified 
   elsewhere. There has been some work in RTP on this with the 
   Payload Type being specified in SDP RTPMAP. Also see d)

c) Multistreaming over RTP. There is work being done in AVT
   on RTP Mux but it requires consistency of RTP Time Stamps
   for the streams being carried over the RTP Mux.

d) Dynamic SDP streaming to correspond to the scene and 
   Object Descriptor streams in MPEG-4. Of course no 
   parallel work exists yet on this in MMUSIC or AVT.

At the meeting I would like to get the latest views on the 
above issues as well as consider the implications of the 
option below:

MPEG4 being modified by AVT/MMUSIC jointly with MPEG for
suitable operation over IP as a next generation RTP.

This approach is better than piecemeal adjustments to RTP.

Any feedback is welcome.

Vahe Balabanian
balabani@nortel.ca
Phone: (613) 763-4721 


b) 



From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 08:48:47 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 08:48:46 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9WrG-0006uv-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 08:42:38 -0700
Received: from nobozo.cs.berkeley.edu [128.32.34.58] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9WrF-0006ul-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 08:42:37 -0700
Received: from sockeye (sockeye.CS.Berkeley.EDU [128.32.36.74]) by nobozo.CS.Berkeley.EDU (8.8.8/8.6.3) with SMTP id IAA01971 for <rem-conf@es.net>; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 08:42:35 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <3.0.3.32.19980820084234.00a5e2b0@postgres.berkeley.edu>
X-Sender: ireney@postgres.berkeley.edu
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.3 (32)
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 08:42:34 -0700
To: rem-conf@es.net
From: Irene Yam <ireney@bmrc.berkeley.edu>
Subject: 8/26 Seminar
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

<center>Berkeley Multimedia Research Center

Berkeley Multimedia, Interfaces, and Graphics Seminar

</center>



<center>Implementing an On-Demand Internet 

Streaming Media Business


Dave Glazer

Eloquent, Inc.


8/26/98

405 Soda Hall 

12:30-2:00 p.m.

</center>



Abstract:


The delivery of knowledge is being revolutionized by the influence of
desktop

multimedia technology. The ability to digitize and distribute various
media and

documents has created new possibilities that can increase the
effectiveness of

information while lowering the cost of its delivery. While much of
today's

technology-based training uses sophistcated custom-built applications,
most

organizations do not have the time or money to build them. This talk
will

describe an Enterprise Knowledge Development System that can be used to

provide on-demand, computer-based training. The system is based on

streaming digital audio and video with synchronized slides and
transcript. The

authoring process, media server, delivery protocol, and client
application will

be described. 



____________________________________________


Chris Williams

Berkeley Multimedia Research Center (BMRC)

626 Soda Hall #1776

University of California

Berkeley, CA 94720-1776

Phone: (510) 643-0800   FAX: (510) 642-5615  

Email: cwilliams@bmrc.berkeley.edu



From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 09:18:44 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 09:18:44 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9XP7-0000oX-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 09:17:37 -0700
Received: from north.lcs.mit.edu [18.26.0.4] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9XP5-0000oN-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 09:17:35 -0700
Received: from north.lcs.mit.edu by north.lcs.mit.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id MAA03982; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 12:17:26 -0400
From: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>
X-Organisation: Information Sciences Institute, USC
X-Phone: +1 617 253 6011
To: Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>
cc: casner@cisco.com, rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago 
In-reply-to: Your message of "20 Aug 1998 11:17:00 EDT."
             <E0z9WW6-0006Y9-00@mail1.es.net> 
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 12:17:26 -0400
Message-ID: <3980.903629846@north.lcs.mit.edu>
Sender: mjh@north.lcs.mit.edu
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


>At the meeting I would like to get the latest views on the 
>above issues as well as consider the implications of the 
>option below:
>
>MPEG4 being modified by AVT/MMUSIC jointly with MPEG for
>suitable operation over IP as a next generation RTP.

I'm very confused.  RTP is a general purpose "transport" protocol.
MPEG4 is a specific (albeit complex) codec.  How do you view MPEG4 as
being a next generation RTP?  Can I carry legally carry H.261 or any
of the several hundred other codecs in the microsoft or quicktime
codec registries over MPEG4?  Do you have a proposal for IP/UDP/MPEG4
header compression so this works over low rate modems?  Do you also
propose replacing SIP, SDP, SAP and RTSP too?  Or H.323 for that
matter?

Sorry, but I don't really understand what you're proposing.

Mark





From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 10:53:59 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 10:53:58 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9YpL-0002cM-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 10:48:47 -0700
Received: from mail-out1.apple.com [17.254.0.52] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9YpK-0002cC-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 10:48:46 -0700
Received: from mailgate.apple.com (A17-128-100-225.apple.com [17.128.100.225])
	by mail-out1.apple.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id KAA29532
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 10:24:19 -0700
Received: from scv2.apple.com (scv2.apple.com [17.128.100.140]) by mailgate.apple.com
 (mailgate.apple.com2.0.15) with ESMTP id <B0001825674@mailgate.apple.com>;
 Thu, 20 Aug 1998 10:23:16 -0700
Received: from [17.255.20.102] (dsinger2.apple.com [17.255.20.102])
	by scv2.apple.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id KAA34010;
	Thu, 20 Aug 1998 10:23:03 -0700
X-Sender: singer@mail.apple.com
Message-Id: <v04003a20b20204e82ab8@[17.255.20.102]>
In-Reply-To: <3980.903629846@north.lcs.mit.edu>
References: "Your message of 20 Aug 1998 11:17:00 EDT."
 <E0z9WW6-0006Y9-00@mail1.es.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 10:17:43 -0700
To: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>
From: Dave Singer <singer@apple.com>
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Cc: Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>, casner@cisco.com, rem-conf@es.net
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Mark

I'm sure Vahe will answer this as well, and provide more insight as he's
worked more in this integration area, but I thought I'd just (a) reassure
you that Mpeg4 is confusing and (b) try to clarify a little on Mpeg4 being
a 'specific codec', along with a sprinkling of opinion.

Mpeg4 is an umbrella for a whole bunch of stuff: visual, audio, VRML-like
scenes, intellectual property and other content information, java streams,
and so on. Inside the video and audio sections there are multiple 'tools'
(codecs); visual has a video coder (a fmaily member with Mpeg1 and 2,
greatly enhanced), still image coder (wavelet based), face and body
animation, and mesh coding. Audio has even more (two time/frequency coders,
speech, parametric, text-to-speech, synthetic audio, as well as the mpeg1
and 2 layers).

The 3D scene described by the VRML-like layer can integrate new substreams
into the scene as they come and go, and there is a separate stream which
describes these substreams (e.g. a video stream) as they enter and leave
the overall presentation. An Mpeg4 scene could in theory involve hundreds
of streams over its life (though many of us hope that this is not a normal
usage). There is an optional tool called flexmux which can fragment and
pack the fragments of multiple streams into a single mpeg4 multiplex
stream, which might help here.

Some of these streams are likely to react poorly to packet loss, which
makes packing them into RTP interesting.  On the other hand, others will
benefit from usual RTP framing techniques -- the video coder could do
partial-frame recovery given a suitable RTP packing, for example. Some of
these streams also use 'initialization data' which can be extensive, though
most keep it small (the synthetic audio layer provides an orchestra in
initialization data). The normal way to carry this initialization data is
on the stream which declares new streams -- but this is an area where
reliable delivery (or repeated delivery) will be needed; you can't decode a
stream until you know if its existence and format.

The Mpeg4 file format will represent each of these streams as a separate
set of data in the file, composed in its natural framing. What I mean by
that is that the data won't be pre-multiplexed assuming a particular
transport, in the way that Mpeg2 transport both fragmented and multiplexed
the fragments of the video frames or audio data.  So a video stream will be
separately identified, and stored as frames of video. This should make it
much easier to derive appropriate fragmentation and multiplexing techniques
for each stream for each transport. In RTP, I would take this as meaning
that we would do ALF and IP multiplexing to the greatest extent possible;
with the caveat that there is presumably some limit to how many IP streams
we would consider reasonable in a single presentation.

Clearly there are questions here about the overlap -- e.g. between SDP
which describes streams and their format, and the Mpeg4 descriptor stream.

RTSP itself I feel is fairly safe -- once we have worked out the 'describe'
format and the transport mapping, I can't think why RTSP per se would need
any change.

Hmm. This is a longer answer than I intended, and doesn't really answer all
the questions. Debate on this issue would be advantageous, I think, and if
it develops we should probably pull in an MPEG4 mailing list as well?

>I'm very confused.  RTP is a general purpose "transport" protocol.
>MPEG4 is a specific (albeit complex) codec.  How do you view MPEG4 as
>being a next generation RTP?  Can I carry legally carry H.261 or any
>of the several hundred other codecs in the microsoft or quicktime
>codec registries over MPEG4?  Do you have a proposal for IP/UDP/MPEG4
>header compression so this works over low rate modems?  Do you also
>propose replacing SIP, SDP, SAP and RTSP too?  Or H.323 for that
>matter?
>
>Sorry, but I don't really understand what you're proposing.
>
>Mark


David Singer
Apple Computer/QuickTime 408-974-3162





From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 11:14:13 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 11:14:13 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9ZC6-0003S9-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 11:12:18 -0700
Received: from artemis.rus.uni-stuttgart.de [129.69.18.28] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9ZC5-0003Rz-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 11:12:17 -0700
Received: from kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de (kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de [129.69.30.17])
	by artemis.rus.uni-stuttgart.de (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id UAA03298;
	Thu, 20 Aug 1998 20:12:13 +0200 (MET DST)
	env-from (christ@kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de)
Received: (from christ@localhost)
	by kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de (8.8.8/8.8.8) id UAA24730;
	Thu, 20 Aug 1998 20:02:15 +0200 (MET DST)
From: "Paul Christ" <Paul.Christ@rus.uni-stuttgart.de>
Message-Id: <980820200213.ZM24728@kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 20:02:13 +0200
In-Reply-To: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>
        "Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago" (Aug 20, 12:17pm)
References: <3980.903629846@north.lcs.mit.edu>
X-Mailer: Z-Mail (4.0.1 13Jan97)
To: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Cc: Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>, wesner@rus.uni-stuttgart.de,
        christine.guillemot@irisa.fr, casner@cisco.com, rem-conf@es.net
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Mark,

as you wrote:

>I'm very confused.  RTP is a general purpose "transport" protocol.
>MPEG4 is a specific (albeit complex) codec.  How do you view MPEG4 as
>being a next generation RTP?  Can I carry legally carry H.261 or any
>of the several hundred other codecs in the microsoft or quicktime
>codec registries over MPEG4?  Do you have a proposal for IP/UDP/MPEG4
>header compression so this works over low rate modems?  Do you also
>propose replacing SIP, SDP, SAP and RTSP too?  Or H.323 for that
>matter?
>
>Sorry, but I don't really understand what you're proposing.
>
>Mark


hm, if I understand Vahe rightly
he is more thinking of  the MPEG-4
multi-stream transport philosophy ...
which could be seen in relation to
multiplexing etc. issues in the RTP context.



Yours


Paul Christ





From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 12:12:32 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 12:12:31 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9a6B-0004jP-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 12:10:15 -0700
Received: from smtpott1.nortel.ca [192.58.194.78] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9a69-0004jF-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 12:10:13 -0700
Received: from zcars00t by smtpott1; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 15:09:49 -0400
Received: from ca.nortel.com by zcars00t.ca.nortel.com 
          id <13825-0@zcars00t.ca.nortel.com>; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 15:07:09 -0400
Date: 20 Aug 1998 15:07 EDT
Sender: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
To: mjh@east.isi.edu
Cc: casner@cisco.com, rem-conf@es.net
From: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Subject: re:Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Message-Id: <E0z9a69-0004jF-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Mark,

Dave Singer provided an excellent description of the extent of what 
MPEG-4 is. What we are doing right now in AVT is  respond to some 
facets of MPEG-4  but not look at MPEG-4 as a whole. Some specific
comments below.

In message "Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago", 
mjh@east.isi.edu writes:

>
>>At the meeting I would like to get the latest views on the 
>>above issues as well as consider the implications of the 
>>option below:
>>
>>MPEG4 being modified by AVT/MMUSIC jointly with MPEG for
>>suitable operation over IP as a next generation RTP.
>
>I'm very confused.  RTP is a general purpose "transport" protocol.
>MPEG4 is a specific (albeit complex) codec.  How do you view MPEG4 as
>being a next generation RTP?
  
MPEG-4 contains two levels of codecs. At one level are the audiovisual 
codecs. At the other level is the Sync Layer codec which does the
synchronization of the audiovisual streams and places them within
a scene on the screen. In adddition it does intellectual propery 
management and much more.

>Can I carry legally carry H.261 or any
>of the several hundred other codecs in the microsoft or quicktime
>codec registries over MPEG4?

In theory you can. Right now MPEG-4 has profiles where specific 
codecs are identified, H.261 is one example. The profiles  
allow for the addition of codecs as the need arises.

>Do you have a proposal for IP/UDP/MPEG4
>header compression so this works over low rate modems? 

MPEG-4 at its audiovisual layer has scalable codecs covering
a range from few Kbps to many Mbps. The reason why I want us to 
look at MPEG-4 is to be able to ensure its efficient carriage 
over IP because that expertise resides in IETF. At this moment 
the only proposal from MPEG is packing multiple streams
over an IP port using FlexMux. We may propose other more IP 
friendly compression schemes.

>Do you also
>propose replacing SIP, SDP, SAP and RTSP too?  Or H.323 for that
>matter?

Not at all,  the intent is to work with SIP, SDP, SAP, RTSP and 
H.323 to the extent that we realize that MPEG-4 has gone beyond 
the traditional codec operations.
>
>Sorry, but I don't really understand what you're proposing.

I hope to improve our understanding through continuous dialogue 
such as this one. What I am proposing is that RTP NG be the
MPEG-4 Sync Layer adapted for IP operation. After trying for
a while, I feel that this is a better approach than forcing the 
MPEG-4 to work with RTP (like forcing a square peg into a round 
whole).
>
Kind regards,

Vahe Balabanian



From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 12:50:21 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 12:50:20 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9agq-0005eG-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 12:48:08 -0700
Received: from dirty.research.bell-labs.com [204.178.16.6] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9ago-0005e2-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 12:48:06 -0700
Received: from zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.180.130.56]) by dirty; Thu Aug 20 15:46:06 EDT 1998
Received: from dnrc.bell-labs.com (arrakis [135.180.130.41])
	by zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id PAA18236;
	Thu, 20 Aug 1998 15:46:23 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35DC7C8D.30621717@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 15:44:13 -0400
From: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>
CC: mjh@east.isi.edu, casner@cisco.com, rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
References: <E0z9a69-0004jF-00@mail1.es.net>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Vahe Balabanian wrote:
> 
> I hope to improve our understanding through continuous dialogue
> such as this one. What I am proposing is that RTP NG be the
> MPEG-4 Sync Layer adapted for IP operation. After trying for
> a while, I feel that this is a better approach than forcing the
> MPEG-4 to work with RTP (like forcing a square peg into a round
> whole).

I'm reminded of the term "if it ain't broke, don't fix it". RTP has
achieved fairly widespread usage, and success as the transport medium of
choice for a vast array of codecs. Its used in the mbone. Its used in
H.323. Its used by SIP, SAP, SDP, RTSP, and a host of proprietary
signaling mechanisms. It works for big and small multicast groups, for
audio and for video. Why would we abandon this work, and develop a
"RTP-NG" just because, for some reason, MPEG4 doesn't work well with it?
Perhaps the problem is the peg isn't the right shape?

-Jonathan R.

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg                       Lucent Technologies
Member of Technical Staff                   101 Crawfords Corner Rd.
High Speed Networks Research                Holmdel, NJ 07733
FAX:   (732) 834-5379                       Rm. 4C-526
EMAIL: jdrosen@bell-labs.com
URL: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen



From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 13:49:16 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 13:49:14 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9bbp-0006nt-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 13:47:01 -0700
Received: from smtpott1.nortel.ca [192.58.194.78] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9bbo-0006na-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 13:47:00 -0700
Received: from zcars00t by smtpott1; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 16:46:07 -0400
Received: from ca.nortel.com by zcars00t.ca.nortel.com 
          id <25103-0@zcars00t.ca.nortel.com>; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 16:43:41 -0400
Date: 20 Aug 1998 16:43 EDT
Sender: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
To: jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com
Cc: mjh@east.isi.edu, casner@cisco.com, rem-conf@es.net
From: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Subject: re:Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Message-Id: <E0z9bbo-0006na-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Jonathan,

In message "Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago", 
jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com writes:

>Vahe Balabanian wrote:
>> 
>> I hope to improve our understanding through continuous dialogue
>> such as this one. What I am proposing is that RTP NG be the
>> MPEG-4 Sync Layer adapted for IP operation. After trying for
>> a while, I feel that this is a better approach than forcing the
>> MPEG-4 to work with RTP (like forcing a square peg into a round
>> whole).
>
>I'm reminded of the term "if it ain't broke, don't fix it". RTP has
>achieved fairly widespread usage, and success as the transport medium of
>choice for a vast array of codecs. Its used in the mbone. Its used in
>H.323. Its used by SIP, SAP, SDP, RTSP, and a host of proprietary
>signaling mechanisms. It works for big and small multicast groups, for
>audio and for video. Why would we abandon this work, and develop a
>"RTP-NG" just because, for some reason, MPEG4 doesn't work well with it?
>Perhaps the problem is the peg isn't the right shape?
>
I am sorry I did not mean to abandon RTP. It is perfectly a good
system. Do you read "RTP NG" as abandoning RTP? Is there no way 
that RTP NG encompass RTP? This is why I want to do it in IETF.
By jointly working with MPEG I am sure to some extent the MPEG-4
peg will also be reshaped to the degree that basic features are
not lost. That is if we assume MPEG-4 is an advance in technology 
of codecs and its use over IP is desirable.

Vahe



From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 14:11:40 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 14:11:39 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9bx6-0007aF-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 14:09:00 -0700
Received: from rumor.research.att.com [192.20.225.9] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9bx5-0007a5-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 14:08:59 -0700
Received: from research.att.com ([135.207.30.100]) by rumor; Thu Aug 20 17:02:13 EDT 1998
Received: from surfcity.research.att.com ([135.207.128.5]) by research; Thu Aug 20 17:06:32 EDT 1998
Received: from pcmrcfast (pcmrcfast [135.207.131.70])
	by surfcity.research.att.com (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id RAA16992;
	Thu, 20 Aug 1998 17:06:31 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <00d901bdcc7d$48f5ab80$4683cf87@pcmrcfast.research.att.com>
Reply-To: "M. Reha Civanlar" <civanlar@research.att.com>
From: "M. Reha Civanlar" <civanlar@research.att.com>
To: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Cc: <rem-conf@es.net>
Subject: Re: re:Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 16:58:29 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Actually, being somewhat involved in this work, I don't think that it is
that difficult to make the "useful parts" of MPEG4 work nicely over RTP.

I guess, it would be helpful if Vahe can explain which parts of MPEG4 make
it "square."

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
M. Reha Civanlar
Technology Leader, AT&T Labs - Research
100 Schultz Drive, Red Bank, NJ 07701, U.S.A
civanlar@research.att.com
Phone: +1 732 345 3305 Fax:+1 732 345 3033
http://www.research.att.com/info/mrc





From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 14:27:38 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 14:27:38 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9cDb-0000dl-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 14:26:03 -0700
Received: from dirty.research.bell-labs.com [204.178.16.6] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9cDa-0000db-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 14:26:02 -0700
Received: from zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com ([135.180.130.56]) by dirty; Thu Aug 20 17:24:11 EDT 1998
Received: from dnrc.bell-labs.com (arrakis [135.180.130.41])
	by zubin.dnrc.bell-labs.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id RAA21773;
	Thu, 20 Aug 1998 17:24:28 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35DC938A.B8F04CD7@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 17:22:18 -0400
From: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@dnrc.bell-labs.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>
CC: mjh@east.isi.edu, casner@cisco.com, rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
References: <199808202047.QAA05607@boole.dnrc.bell-labs.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Vahe Balabanian wrote:
> 
> I am sorry I did not mean to abandon RTP. It is perfectly a good
> system. Do you read "RTP NG" as abandoning RTP? Is there no way
> that RTP NG encompass RTP?

This is a hard question to answer, particularly since I have no idea
what (or why) RTP-NG is. However, the statement that MPEG-4 is so
different, that it requires an RTP-NG, would seem to me to imply that
RTP-NG would need to be different enough for MPEG-4 to work on it.

-Jonathan R.

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg                       Lucent Technologies
Member of Technical Staff                   101 Crawfords Corner Rd.
High Speed Networks Research                Holmdel, NJ 07733
FAX:   (732) 834-5379                       Rm. 4C-526
EMAIL: jdrosen@bell-labs.com
URL: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~jdrosen



From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 23:15:30 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 23:15:30 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9kKj-0005CI-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 23:05:57 -0700
Received: from hermes.research.kpn.com [139.63.192.8] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9kKZ-0005Bx-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 23:05:47 -0700
Received: from ntl11.research.kpn.com by research.kpn.com (PMDF V5.1-8 #18053)
 with SMTP id <01J0UWSHPBPM0009WQ@research.kpn.com> for rem-conf@es.net; Fri,
 21 Aug 1998 08:07:33 +0200
Received: by ntl11.research.kpn.com with SMTP
 (Microsoft Exchange Server Internet Mail Connector Version 4.0.995.52)
 id <01BDCCDA.7D5C74F0@ntl11.research.kpn.com>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 08:05:41 +0100
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 08:05:40 +0100
From: "Koenen, R.H." <R.H.Koenen@research.kpn.com>
Subject: RE: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
To: 'Vahe Balabanian' <balabani@nortel.ca>,
 "'mjh@east.isi.edu'" <mjh@east.isi.edu>
Cc: "'casner@cisco.com'" <casner@cisco.com>,
 "'rem-conf@es.net'" <rem-conf@es.net>
Message-id: <l=NTL11-980821070540Z-36732@ntl11.research.kpn.com>
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Microsoft Exchange Server Internet Mail Connector Version 4.0.995.52
Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Indeed Dave provided a very good Overview of MPEG-4.

> In theory you can. Right now MPEG-4 has profiles where specific 
> codecs are identified, H.261 is one example. The profiles  
> allow for the addition of codecs as the need arises.

A small correction: H

> 
> >Do you have a proposal for IP/UDP/MPEG4
> >header compression so this works over low rate modems? 
> 
> MPEG-4 at its audiovisual layer has scalable codecs covering
> a range from few Kbps to many Mbps. The reason why I want us to 
> look at MPEG-4 is to be able to ensure its efficient carriage 
> over IP because that expertise resides in IETF. At this moment 
> the only proposal from MPEG is packing multiple streams
> over an IP port using FlexMux. We may propose other more IP 
> friendly compression schemes.
> 
> >Do you also
> >propose replacing SIP, SDP, SAP and RTSP too?  Or H.323 for that
> >matter?
> 
> Not at all,  the intent is to work with SIP, SDP, SAP, RTSP and 
> H.323 to the extent that we realize that MPEG-4 has gone beyond 
> the traditional codec operations.
> >
> >Sorry, but I don't really understand what you're proposing.
> 
> I hope to improve our understanding through continuous dialogue 
> such as this one. What I am proposing is that RTP NG be the
> MPEG-4 Sync Layer adapted for IP operation. After trying for
> a while, I feel that this is a better approach than forcing the 
> MPEG-4 to work with RTP (like forcing a square peg into a round 
> whole).
> >
> Kind regards,
> 
> Vahe Balabanian
> 
> 



From rem-conf Thu Aug 20 23:40:40 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 20 23:40:39 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9kpy-0005vH-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 23:38:14 -0700
Received: from hermes.research.kpn.com [139.63.192.8] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9kpv-0005v4-00; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 23:38:12 -0700
Received: from ntl11.research.kpn.com by research.kpn.com (PMDF V5.1-8 #18053)
 with SMTP id <01J0UXWQ2FV20009WQ@research.kpn.com> for rem-conf@es.net; Fri,
 21 Aug 1998 08:39:59 +0200
Received: by ntl11.research.kpn.com with SMTP
 (Microsoft Exchange Server Internet Mail Connector Version 4.0.995.52)
 id <01BDCCDF.055B8860@ntl11.research.kpn.com>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 08:38:07 +0100
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 08:38:06 +0100
From: "Koenen, R.H." <R.H.Koenen@research.kpn.com>
Subject: RE: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
To: 'Vahe Balabanian' <balabani@nortel.ca>,
 "'mjh@east.isi.edu'" <mjh@east.isi.edu>
Cc: "'casner@cisco.com'" <casner@cisco.com>,
 "'rem-conf@es.net'" <rem-conf@es.net>, 'Herpel Carsten' <HerpelC@thmulti.com>,
 'Leonardo Chiariglione' <leonardo.chiariglione@CSELT.STET.it>,
 'Olivier AVARO' <olivier.avaro@cnet.francetelecom.fr>
Message-id: <l=NTL11-980821073806Z-36771@ntl11.research.kpn.com>
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Microsoft Exchange Server Internet Mail Connector Version 4.0.995.52
Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Dear Vahe, Reva, people,


Indeed Dave Singer provided an excellent concise overview of MPEG-4.

Then Vahe wrote about using H.261 in MPEG-4 something that needs
correction
and a bit of further explanation:

> Right now MPEG-4 has profiles where specific 
> codecs are identified, H.261 is one example. The profiles  
> allow for the addition of codecs as the need arises.

H.261 is NOT in any MPEG-4 Profile, and it is highly unlikely that it 
will ever be. MPEG-4 Video can decode H.263 bitstreams 
though (which is not backward compatible with H.261 by the way).

MPEG firmly believes in the 'one functionality, on tool' rule, and
MPEG-4 codecs do a perfect job at the functionality 'compression
of natural video'.

Also, MPEG-4 does (currently) NOT define profiles that include 'other
codecs'. We do not consider this to enhance interoperability, one of
the main goals in the standardisation effort. 
(However, a registration procedure will be put in place so that people,
if they really want to, can register their own stream type and have 
a unique ID for it.)

Then, Reha Cinvlar asked "which parts of MPEG-4 make it square". Ask
different people and you will get different answers. Let me explain 
a bit about Profiling in MPEG-4 though. Bear in mind that MPEG-4 is 
an object based standard, and that a scene is composed of these
elements called objects.

There are 4 types of Profiles:
1. Visual
2. Audio
3. Graphics Media
4. Scene Description


1. Visual: defines which types of Visual Objects a decoder understands.
        e.g. rectangular natural Video, arbitrary shaped objects,
animated
        faces, etc.
2. Audio: defines the Audio Objects a decoder understands: e.g. speech,
        simple wavetable synthesis, AAC-type Audio
3. Graphics Media: defines which types of (2D and 3D) VRML-like elements
        a decoder can decode. Examples: 'Audio-only', '2D', 'VRML'
4. Scene Description: defines which tools the decoder has on board to 
        lay out and manipulate objects in the scene. Currently there 
        are only 2D and 3D profiles

MPEG does NOT prescribe which combinations are allowed. The right
combination will have te be determined by users of the standard (don't
read 'end users' here.)

Elements included in MPEG-4 but not subject to profiling in MPEG-4 are:
* System tools like synchronisation, buffer managment, simple muxing
* the File Format
* Intellectual Property Management and Protection
* Interfaces to application and network

Not all applications will want to use those tools however. 
As you can see, MPEG-4 is very much a toolbox standard, from which you 
pick what you need.

For an extremely brief primer on MPEG-4, focused on WWW/TV integration
and
highlighting the profiles, please see 
http://www.w3.org/Architecture/1998/06/Workshop/paper26/


best regards,
Rob Koenen
Chairman MPEG Requirements Group

----------------
Rob Koenen, Multimedia Technology Group, KPN Research
PO Box 421, 2260 AK  Leidschendam The Netherlands
tel   +31 70 332 5310    fax  +31 70 332 5567
GSM +31 653 815 686  



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Vahe Balabanian [mailto:balabani@nortel.ca]
> Sent: Thursday, August 20, 1998 8:07 PM
> To: mjh@east.isi.edu
> Cc: casner@cisco.com; rem-conf@es.net
> Subject: re:Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
> 
> 
> Mark,
> 
> Dave Singer provided an excellent description of the extent of what 
> MPEG-4 is. What we are doing right now in AVT is  respond to some 
> facets of MPEG-4  but not look at MPEG-4 as a whole. Some specific
> comments below.
> 
> In message "Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago", 
> mjh@east.isi.edu writes:
> 
> >
> >>At the meeting I would like to get the latest views on the 
> >>above issues as well as consider the implications of the 
> >>option below:
> >>
> >>MPEG4 being modified by AVT/MMUSIC jointly with MPEG for
> >>suitable operation over IP as a next generation RTP.
> >
> >I'm very confused.  RTP is a general purpose "transport" protocol.
> >MPEG4 is a specific (albeit complex) codec.  How do you view MPEG4 as
> >being a next generation RTP?
>   
> MPEG-4 contains two levels of codecs. At one level are the 
> audiovisual 
> codecs. At the other level is the Sync Layer codec which does the
> synchronization of the audiovisual streams and places them within
> a scene on the screen. In adddition it does intellectual propery 
> management and much more.
> 
> >Can I carry legally carry H.261 or any
> >of the several hundred other codecs in the microsoft or quicktime
> >codec registries over MPEG4?
> 
> In theory you can. Right now MPEG-4 has profiles where specific 
> codecs are identified, H.261 is one example. The profiles  
> allow for the addition of codecs as the need arises.
> 
> >Do you have a proposal for IP/UDP/MPEG4
> >header compression so this works over low rate modems? 
> 
> MPEG-4 at its audiovisual layer has scalable codecs covering
> a range from few Kbps to many Mbps. The reason why I want us to 
> look at MPEG-4 is to be able to ensure its efficient carriage 
> over IP because that expertise resides in IETF. At this moment 
> the only proposal from MPEG is packing multiple streams
> over an IP port using FlexMux. We may propose other more IP 
> friendly compression schemes.
> 
> >Do you also
> >propose replacing SIP, SDP, SAP and RTSP too?  Or H.323 for that
> >matter?
> 
> Not at all,  the intent is to work with SIP, SDP, SAP, RTSP and 
> H.323 to the extent that we realize that MPEG-4 has gone beyond 
> the traditional codec operations.
> >
> >Sorry, but I don't really understand what you're proposing.
> 
> I hope to improve our understanding through continuous dialogue 
> such as this one. What I am proposing is that RTP NG be the
> MPEG-4 Sync Layer adapted for IP operation. After trying for
> a while, I feel that this is a better approach than forcing the 
> MPEG-4 to work with RTP (like forcing a square peg into a round 
> whole).
> >
> Kind regards,
> 
> Vahe Balabanian
> 
> 



From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 03:34:48 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 03:34:46 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9oS0-0000gX-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 03:29:44 -0700
Received: from relay14.jaring.my [192.228.128.125] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9oRy-0000gD-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 03:29:42 -0700
Received: from jyluke (jyluke.mimos.my [192.228.133.16])
	by relay14.jaring.my (8.8.8/8.8.7) with SMTP id SAA08065
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 18:28:39 +0800 (MYT)
Message-ID: <35DD4BCB.73A6@ew.mimos.my>
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 18:28:27 +0800
From: JY Luke <jyluke@ew.mimos.my>
Reply-To: jyluke@ew.mimos.my
Organization: MIMOS Berhad
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.04 (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Session Broadcast
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Hi,

Sorry for this late announcement as we faced some uncertainty until the
last minutes.

We are going to broadcast the opening and closing ceremony of the 19th
general assembly of ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Organisation (AIPO).

The opening ceremony will be held on 24th August 1998 from 1000 (GMT+8)
till 1100 (GMT+8), which will cover opening address by the Hon. Deputy
Prime Minister of Malaysia.

The closing ceremony will be held on 28th August 1998 from 1500 (GMT+8)
till 1700 (GMT+8).

Regards,
JY Luke
MIMOS Berhad
Malaysia



From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 05:34:26 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 05:34:25 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qKa-000235-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 05:30:12 -0700
Received: from p-voyageur.issy.cnet.fr [139.100.0.39] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qKY-00022v-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 05:30:10 -0700
Received: from bumba.issy.cnet.fr by p-voyageur.issy.cnet.fr with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.0.1460.8)
	id QJVVYNTV; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 14:30:09 +0200
From: Olivier AVARO - France Telecom - CNET <olivier.avaro@cnet.francetelecom.fr>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
To: Dave Singer <singer@apple.com>
Cc: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>,
    Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>,
    casner@cisco.com,
    rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
In-Reply-To: Dave Singer's message
	of "Thu, August 20, 1998 10:17:43 -0700"
	regarding "Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago"
	id <v04003a20b20204e82ab8@[17.255.20.102]>
References: <E0z9WW6-0006Y9-00@mail1.es.net>
	<3980.903629846@north.lcs.mit.edu>
	<v04003a20b20204e82ab8@[17.255.20.102]>
X-Mailer: VM 6.31 under Emacs 19.34.6
Report-Mode: Confirmed
Message-Id: <E0z9qKY-00022v-00@mail1.es.net>
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 05:30:10 -0700
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


Hi Dave, all, 

 > Clearly there are questions here about the overlap -- e.g. between SDP
 > which describes streams and their format, and the Mpeg4 descriptor stream.

I don't know yet SDP and if someone has got entry point I would be
grateful. From the little knowledge I have, it seems that SDP could
carry :
- the first object descriptor needed by MPEG that tell where and what is
the MPEG-4 content.
- the complete MPEG-4 descriptor streams.

Is it what you guys (Vahe, ohers, ...) have in mind ?

Thanx for the feed back in any case.

See you,

Olivir
 




From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 05:35:43 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 05:35:43 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qOD-00024j-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 05:33:57 -0700
Received: from ctral1.vanderbilt.edu [129.59.1.22] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qOB-00024T-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 05:33:55 -0700
Received: from gavish ([194.90.232.161])
 by ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu (PMDF V5.1-10 #24212)
 id <01J0UVB9ICXC9GEFUD@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 07:27:29 CDT
Received: from gavish ([194.90.232.161])
 by ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu (PMDF V5.1-10 #24212)
 with SMTP id <01J0UUW8H1GA9GTW1W@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu>; Fri,
 21 Aug 1998 07:25:22 -0500 (CDT)
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 07:10:27 -0500
From: Bezalel Gavish <gavishb@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu>
Subject: 7th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems - CFP
X-Sender: gavishb@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu
To: (Recipient list suppressed)
Message-id: <Version.32.19980821023159.01180b10@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu>
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

								    
		                                C A L L	for  P A P E R S
       7th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems Modeling
and Analysis
			                              March 18-21, 1999
		                              Nashville, Tennessee, USA

Sponsored by: American Telecommunications Systems Management Association
	      BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc.
	      IFIP Working Group 7.3 "Computer system modeling and performance
evaluation"
	      INFORMS Technical Section on Telecommunications
	      INFORMS College of Information Systems
	      Vanderbilt Institute of Public Policy Studies


The 7th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems - 
Modeling and Analysis will be held in Nashville on March 18-21,
1999.  The conference will build on the tradition of the earlier
conferences. The general idea is to limit the number of partici-
pants, concentrate on a few topics, and to present new problems
and problem areas, to encourage informal interaction and
exchanges of ideas. The objective is to advance the state of
the modeling and analysis in telecommunications by stimulating
research activity on new and important problems.

The conference will be divided into segments with each segment
devoted to a specific topic.  This will allow for little conflict
between segments. All papers will be screened by the Program
Committee to ensure the quality of presentations. A decentralized
paper handling process will be used. Abstracts and papers should be
submitted directly to a Program Committee member who will handle
its review.  It is expected that this will expedite the paper
review process.  Social and cultural activities will be included
in the 1999 agenda.  The conference will be held at two sites,
Thursday and Friday meetings will take place at the Tennessee
Economic Development Center at the BellSouth Tower in downtown
Nashville.  The Saturday and Sunday meeting will be held at the
Club House Inn hotel (see description at the end of the message).

Listed below are some of the potential segments:

-- Configuration of ATM networks
-- DSL based systems
-- Internet and its Impact on Commerce
-- Internet and Intranet
-- Mobility and Nomadicity
-- Pricing and economic analysis of Internet and E-commerce
-- Topological Design and Network Configuration Problems
-- Design and Analysis of Local Access Networks and Outside
     Plant Problems
-- Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication Systems
-- Cellular Systems and PCS Modeling and Configuration
-- Time Dependent Expansion of Telecommunication Systems
-- Network Reliability, Availability and Survivability
-- Network Design Problems in Gigabit and Terabit Networks
-- LAN, WAN Global Network Interconnection
-- Artificial Intelligence/Heuristics in  Telecommunication Systems
-- Quantitative Methods in Network Management
-- Pricing and Economic Analysis of Telecommunications
-- Impact of Telecommunications on Industrial Organization
-- Performance Evaluation of Telecommunication Systems
-- Distributed Computing and Distributed Data Bases
-- Security and Privacy Issues in Telecommunications
-- Virtual Reality, Multimedia and their Impact

-- Standards

The Program Committee is open to any ideas you might have
regarding additional topics or format of the conference.  The
intention is, whenever possible, to limit the number of parallel
sessions to three.  The conference is scheduled over a weekend so
as to reduce teaching conflicts for academic participants,
and to enable participants to take advantage of weekend hotel
and airfare rates and of the many events that take place in the
downtown area.

Members of the Program Committee include:

	    Prof. Bezalel Gavish (Chairman)
Owen Graduate School of Management
Vanderbilt University		Tel: 615-322-3659
401 21st Avenue South		FAX: 615-343-7177
Nashville, TN  37203		E-mail:  gavishb@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu

	    Prof. Abdullah Al-Dhelaan
College of Computer & Information Sciences
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Phone  : (0966)-1-467-7777
Fax    : (0966)-1-468-1221
E-mail : dhelaan@usa.net

	    Prof. Kemal Altinkemer
Krannert Graduate School of Management
Purdue University
1310 Krannert Building
West Lafayette, IN  47907-1310
Phone  :  765-494-9009
Fax    :  765-494-1526
E-mail : kemal@mgmt.purdue.edu

	   Prof. Ran Giladi
Department of Communication Systems Engineering
Faculty of Engineering Sciences
Ben Gurion University of the Negev
POB 653
Beer Sheva, 84105
Israel
Phone  :  (972)-7-6472591
FAX    :  (972)-7-6472883
E-Mail :  Ran@bgumail.bgu.ac.il

	Prof. Luis Gouveia
D.E.I.O. - C.I.O.
Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa
Edificio C2 -Campo Grande
Cidade Universitaria
1700 Lisboa
Portugal
Phone  : +351-1-7573141, ext 1584
E-mail : lgouveia@fc.ul.pt

	Dr. Sidney L. Hantler
Manager, Stochastic Analysis
Systems and Software Department
IBM TJ Watson Research Center
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598
Phone : 914-784-7218
E-Mail : hantler@watson.ibm.com

	   Prof. Richard Harris
Department of Communication and Electronic Engineering
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
GPO Box 2476V
Mlebourne, Victoria
Australia, 3001
Phone  :   61 3 9925 2457 (RMIT)
Fax      :   61 3 9660 1060 (RMIT)
E-Mail  :  richard@catt.rmit.edu.au

	    Prof. Joakim Kalvenes
School of Management
The University of Texas at Dallas
P.O. Box 830688, J044
Richardson, TX	75083-0688
Phone  :  972-883-2152
Fax    :  972-883-2089
E-mail :  kalvenes@utdallas.edu

	  Dr. Johan M. Karlsson
Department of Communication Systems
Lund Institute of Technology
P.O. Box 118
S-221 00 Lund
Sweden
E-Mail :  johan@tts.lth.se

     Dr. Konosuke Kawashima
Traffic Research Center
NTT Advanced Technology Corp.
2-4-15  Naka-cho, Musashino-shi
Tokyo, 180-0006  JAPAN
Phone  : +81 422 370536
Fax      : +81 422 604806
E-mail  : shima@mitaka.ntt-at.co.jp

	    Prof. Hans Kruse
McClure School of Communication Systems Management
Ohio University
9 S. College Street
Athens, OH 45701
Phone  : 614-593-4891
Fax    : 614-593-4889
E-mail : hkruse1@ohiou.edu

	   Prof. Armin R. Mikler
Department of Computer Sciences
University of North Texas
P.O. Box 311366
Denton, TX  76203-1366
Phone  :  940-565-4279
Fax    :  940-565-2799
E-mail :  mikler@cs.unt.edu

	   Prof. June S. Park
Department of Management Sciences

The University of Iowa
108 Pappajohn Business Administration Bldg.
Iowa City, IA  52242-1000
USA
Phone  :  319-335-2087
Fax      :  319-335-1956
E-Mail  :  june-park@uiowa.edu 

	  Prof. Guy Pujolle
Laboratoire PRiSM
Universite de Versailles - Saint Quentin
45 avenue des Etats-Unis
78 035 Versailles Cedex
FRANCE
Phone  :  +33 (1) 39 25 40 61
Fax    :  +33 (1) 39 25 40 57
E-Mail :  guy.pujolle@prism.uvsq.fr

	   Dr. Ernesto Santibanez-Gonzalez
Escuela de Ingenieria Industrial
Universidad Catolica, Valparaiso
Av. Brasil 2147
Valparaiso
Chile
Phone  :  56 32 257331
Fax    :  56 2 214823
E-Mail :  esantiba@aix1.ucv.cl

	   Prof. Andrew P. Snow
Department of Computer Information Systems
Georgia State University
P.O. Box 4015
Atlanta, GA  30302-4015
Phone  :  404-651-0879
E-mail : asnow@gsu.edu

	   Prof. Yutaka Takahashi
Nara Institute of Science and Technology
Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma-shi
Nara, 630-01
JAPAN
Phone  :  81 74 372 5350
Fax    :  81 74 372 5359
E-Mail :  ytanaka@mn.waseda.ac.jp

	  Prof. Lars C. Wolf
Industrial Process & Sys. Comm.
Department of Electr. Eng. & Information Technology
Darmstadt University of Technology
Merckstr. 25
64283 Darmstadt
Germany
Tel.   : +49-6151-16-6155 (Fax -6152)
E-mail : Lars.Wolf@kom.tu-darmstadt.de

	  Prof. Stefan Voss
University of Braunschweig
Abt-Jerusalem Strasse 7
D-38106 Braunschweig
Germany
Phone  : 49 531 391-3210
E-Mail : Stefan.Voss@tu-bs.de


Due to the limit on the number of participants, early conference
and hotel registration is recommended.  The ClubHouse Inn &




Conference Center is the official hotel of the conference.  To
ensure your participation, please use the following steps:

1.  Send to a Program Committee member by October 1,
1998, a paper (preferable), or titles and extended abstracts for
potential presentations to be considered for the conference.
Sending more than one extended abstract is encouraged, enabling
the Program Committee to have a wider choice in terms of
assigning talks to segments.  Use E-mail to expedite the
submission of titles and abstracts and papers. 

2.  Use the forms at the end of this message to preregister for
the conference and the hotel.	Let us also know if you would
like to have a formal duty during the conference such as:
Session Chair, or Discussant.

3.  You will be notified by December 15, 1998, which abstract(s)/
paper(s) have been selected for the conference.  Detailed
instructions on how to prepare camera ready copies will be sent to
authors of accepted presentations.  February 10, 1999, is the
deadline for sending a final version of the paper.  Participants
will receive copies of the collection of papers to be presented.

4. All papers submitted to the conference will be considered for
publication in the "Telecommunication Systems" Journal.  If you do
not wish for your paper to be submitted for publication
consideration in the "Telecommunication Systems" Journal, please
specify it in the cover letter of your submission.

The Program Committee looks forward to receiving your feedback/ideas.
Feel free to volunteer any help you can offer.  If you have
suggestions for Segment Leaders (i.e., individuals who will have a

longer time to give an overview/state of the art talk on their
segment subject) please E-mail them to Prof Gavish.  Also, if there
are individuals whose participation you view as important, please
send their names and E-mail addresses to the Program Committee
Chairman, or forward to them a copy of this message.

I look forward to a very successful conference.

Sincerely yours,
Bezalel Gavish





----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------
Bezalel Gavish
Owen Graduate School of Management
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN 37220
USA

Tel: Office (615) 322-3659            FAX (615) 343-7177
         Home (615) 370-0813

Email: Gavishb@ctral1.vanderbilt.edu



From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 05:35:57 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 05:35:56 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qOf-00025c-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 05:34:25 -0700
Received: from hermes.research.kpn.com [139.63.192.8] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qOd-00025S-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 05:34:24 -0700
Received: from ntl11.research.kpn.com by research.kpn.com (PMDF V5.1-8 #18053)
 with SMTP id <01J0VADAU6MS0009XQ@research.kpn.com> for rem-conf@es.net; Fri,
 21 Aug 1998 14:36:10 +0200
Received: by ntl11.research.kpn.com with SMTP
 (Microsoft Exchange Server Internet Mail Connector Version 4.0.995.52)
 id <01BDCD10.C7479550@ntl11.research.kpn.com>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 14:34:18 +0100
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 14:34:17 +0100
From: "Koenen, R.H." <R.H.Koenen@research.kpn.com>
Subject: RE: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
To: "Koenen, R.H." <R.H.Koenen@research.kpn.com>,
 'Vahe Balabanian' <balabani@nortel.ca>, "'mjh@east.isi.edu'" <mjh@east.isi.edu>
Cc: "'casner@cisco.com'" <casner@cisco.com>,
 "'rem-conf@es.net'" <rem-conf@es.net>, 'Herpel Carsten' <HerpelC@thmulti.com>,
 'Leonardo Chiariglione' <leonardo.chiariglione@CSELT.STET.it>,
 'Olivier AVARO' <olivier.avaro@cnet.francetelecom.fr>
Message-id: <l=NTL11-980821133417Z-37708@ntl11.research.kpn.com>
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Microsoft Exchange Server Internet Mail Connector Version 4.0.995.52
Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Oops ...

> 3. Graphics Media: defines which types of (2D and 3D)  > VRML-like elements
>         a decoder can decode. Examples: 'Audio-only', '2D', 'VRML'
> 4. Scene Description: defines which tools the decoder has on board to 
>         lay out and manipulate objects in the scene. Currently there 
>         are only 2D and 3D profiles

The examples are exactly the other way around (Cut & Paste error)
3. Graphics Media: defines which types of (2D and 3D)  VRML-like
graphics 
        elements a decoder can decode. 
        Examples are boxes, lines, spheres ...
        Currently there are only 2D and 3D Graphics profiles
4. Scene Description: defines which tools the decoder has on board to 
        lay out and manipulate objects in the scene. Examples are
	'Audio-only', '2D', 'VRML'

regards,
Rob
----------------
Rob Koenen, Multimedia Technology Group, KPN Research
PO Box 421, 2260 AK  Leidschendam The Netherlands
tel +31 70 332 5310    fax  +31 70 332 5567
GSM +31 653 815 686   



From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 05:41:57 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 05:41:56 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qVJ-0002xZ-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 05:41:17 -0700
Received: from smtpott1.nortel.ca [192.58.194.78] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qVI-0002x2-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 05:41:16 -0700
Received: from zcars00t by smtpott1; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 08:40:56 -0400
Received: from ca.nortel.com by zcars00t.ca.nortel.com 
          id <27455-0@zcars00t.ca.nortel.com>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 08:38:25 -0400
Date: 21 Aug 1998 08:38 EDT
Sender: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
To: R.H.Koenen@research.kpn.com
Cc: mjh@east.isi.edu, casner@cisco.com, rem-conf@es.net, HerpelC@thmulti.com, 
    leonardo.chiariglione@CSELT.STET.it, olivier.avaro@cnet.francetelecom.fr
From: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Subject: re:RE: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Message-Id: <E0z9qVI-0002x2-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Dear rob,

In message "RE: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago", R.H.Koenen@research.kpn.com writes:

>Dear Vahe, Reva, people,
>
>
>Indeed Dave Singer provided an excellent concise overview of MPEG-4.
>
>Then Vahe wrote about using H.261 in MPEG-4 something that needs
>correction
>and a bit of further explanation:
>
>> Right now MPEG-4 has profiles where specific 
>> codecs are identified, H.261 is one example. The profiles  
>> allow for the addition of codecs as the need arises.
>
>H.261 is NOT in any MPEG-4 Profile, and it is highly unlikely that it 
>will ever be. MPEG-4 Video can decode H.263 bitstreams 
>though (which is not backward compatible with H.261 by the way).
>
I stand corrected.

Thank you,

Vahe



From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 06:13:08 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 06:13:06 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qz7-0005As-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 06:12:05 -0700
Received: from smtpott1.nortel.ca [192.58.194.78] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qz6-0005AX-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 06:12:04 -0700
Received: from zcars00t by smtpott1; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 09:11:28 -0400
Received: from ca.nortel.com by zcars00t.ca.nortel.com 
          id <05145-0@zcars00t.ca.nortel.com>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 09:08:46 -0400
Date: 21 Aug 1998 09:08 EDT
Sender: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
To: civanlar@research.att.com
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Message-Id: <E0z9qz6-0005AX-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Dear Reha, 

In message "Re: re:Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago", 
civanlar@research.att.com writes:

>Actually, being somewhat involved in this work, I don't think that it is
>that difficult to make the "useful parts" of MPEG4 work nicely over RTP.
>
>I guess, it would be helpful if Vahe can explain which parts of MPEG4 make
>it "square."
>
These are my concerns:

1- MPEG-4 Timestamps specifically the Decoder Time Stamp
   do we need a special provision for RTP at the Sync Layer?

2- The Generic MPEG-4 Payload how do we deal with them
   in the RTP Mixers? 

3- MPEG-4 Elementary stream FlexMuxing in the context of RTP.
   Does it break anything?

4- What is the equivalent of a Scene and Object Descriptor 
   streams in RTP  in the context of multicasting and 
   Mixer operation. does RTP have to deal with these streams
   in a different way? 

In general when we describe the MPEG-4 RTP payload type don't we
need to address the above to the extent there is nothing 
broken in RTP?

May be there are answers to all these within the context
of RTP. But we need to adress them all. I do not see the 
problem just as MPEG-4 stream mapping to RTP data 
transport. 

Thanks for asking the question,

Vahe 



From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 06:13:08 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 06:13:06 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qz6-0005An-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 06:12:04 -0700
Received: from smtpott1.nortel.ca [192.58.194.78] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9qz5-0005AX-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 06:12:03 -0700
Received: from zcars00t by smtpott1; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 09:11:28 -0400
Received: from ca.nortel.com by zcars00t.ca.nortel.com 
          id <05146-0@zcars00t.ca.nortel.com>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 09:08:46 -0400
Date: 21 Aug 1998 09:08 EDT
Sender: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
To: civanlar@research.att.com
Cc: rem-conf@es.net
From: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Message-Id: <E0z9qz5-0005AX-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Dear Reha, 

In message "Re: re:Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago", 
civanlar@research.att.com writes:

>Actually, being somewhat involved in this work, I don't think that it is
>that difficult to make the "useful parts" of MPEG4 work nicely over RTP.
>
>I guess, it would be helpful if Vahe can explain which parts of MPEG4 make
>it "square."
>
These are my concerns:

1- MPEG-4 Timestamps specifically the Decoder Time Stamp
   do we need a special provision for RTP at the Sync Layer?

2- The Generic MPEG-4 Payload how do we deal with them
   in the RTP Mixers? 

3- MPEG-4 Elementary stream FlexMuxing in the context of RTP.
   Does it break anything?

4- What is the equivalent of a Scene and Object Descriptor 
   streams in RTP  in the context of multicasting and 
   Mixer operation. does RTP have to deal with these streams
   in a different way? 

In general when we describe the MPEG-4 RTP payload type don't we
need to address the above to the extent there is nothing 
broken in RTP?

May be there are answers to all these within the context
of RTP. But we need to adress them all. I do not see the 
problem just as MPEG-4 stream mapping to RTP data 
transport. 

Thanks for asking the question,

Vahe 



From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 06:51:44 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 06:51:43 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9rZ3-0006hG-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 06:49:13 -0700
Received: from north.lcs.mit.edu [18.26.0.4] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9rZ2-0006h6-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 06:49:12 -0700
Received: from north.lcs.mit.edu by north.lcs.mit.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id JAA07014; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 09:49:07 -0400
From: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>
X-Organisation: Information Sciences Institute, USC
X-Phone: +1 617 253 6011
To: Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>
cc: civanlar@research.att.com, rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago 
In-reply-to: Your message of "21 Aug 1998 09:08:00 EDT."
             <E0z9qz6-0005AX-00@mail1.es.net> 
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 09:49:07 -0400
Message-ID: <7012.903707347@north.lcs.mit.edu>
Sender: mjh@north.lcs.mit.edu
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


>>I guess, it would be helpful if Vahe can explain which parts of MPEG4 make
>>it "square."
>>
>These are my concerns:
>
>1- MPEG-4 Timestamps specifically the Decoder Time Stamp
>   do we need a special provision for RTP at the Sync Layer?

Given that you can't guarantee synchronized clocks between sender and
receiver, all you need is synchronized clocks between different RTP
streams from the same sender.  Thus it seems to me that putting the
MPEG-4 "Decoder Time Stamp" in the RTP timestamp field would be
acceptable.  

Perhaps I'm missing something here.  What's special about it being a
decoder timestamp rather than a A/V capture timestamp?  If all we're
talking about is a constant offset, then as far as RTP is concerned,
there's no significant difference.

Mark




From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 07:21:49 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 07:21:49 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9s3q-0007Yc-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 07:21:02 -0700
Received: from rumor.research.att.com [192.20.225.9] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9s3p-0007YD-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 07:21:01 -0700
Received: from research.att.com ([135.207.30.100]) by rumor; Fri Aug 21 10:14:10 EDT 1998
Received: from surfcity.research.att.com ([135.207.128.5]) by research; Fri Aug 21 10:17:29 EDT 1998
Received: from pcmrcfast (pcmrcfast [135.207.131.70])
	by surfcity.research.att.com (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id KAA07558;
	Fri, 21 Aug 1998 10:17:28 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <019b01bdcd0d$4d70d0f0$4683cf87@pcmrcfast.research.att.com>
Reply-To: "M. Reha Civanlar" <civanlar@research.att.com>
From: "M. Reha Civanlar" <civanlar@research.att.com>
To: "Mark Handley" <mjh@east.isi.edu>, "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Cc: <rem-conf@es.net>
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago 
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 10:09:24 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


-----Original Message-----
From: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>
To: Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>
Cc: civanlar@research.att.com <civanlar@research.att.com>; rem-conf@es.net
<rem-conf@es.net>
Date: Friday, August 21, 1998 9:51 AM
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago


>
>>>I guess, it would be helpful if Vahe can explain which parts of MPEG4
make
>>>it "square."
>>>
>>These are my concerns:
>>
>>1- MPEG-4 Timestamps specifically the Decoder Time Stamp
>>   do we need a special provision for RTP at the Sync Layer?
>
>Given that you can't guarantee synchronized clocks between sender and
>receiver, all you need is synchronized clocks between different RTP
>streams from the same sender.  Thus it seems to me that putting the
>MPEG-4 "Decoder Time Stamp" in the RTP timestamp field would be
>acceptable.
>
>Perhaps I'm missing something here.  What's special about it being a
>decoder timestamp rather than a A/V capture timestamp?  If all we're
>talking about is a constant offset, then as far as RTP is concerned,
>there's no significant difference.
>
>Mark
>


I guess, it would be useful to repeat the following discussion that I made
earlier for the MPEG-4 payload type draft authors here again:

All MPEG systems basically use three time stamps: the Presentation TS (PTS),
the Decoding TS (DTS) and the program clock reference (PCR).

In RTP, the time stamp is more or less equal to the PTS and the
functionality of the PCR is to be handled by the NTP. As for the DTS, there
is no equivalent in RTP because, in a multicast session, transmitters do not
use time stamps to control buffers of numerous receivers which usually have
heterogeneous and time varying reception conditions. Decoders are expected
to do intelligent (network and source adaptive) buffering to reduce the
chances of an overflow or underflow.

The existing MPEG-1&2 payload types work perfectly O.K. with this approach.
I don't see any reason for MPEG-4 to be different.

I believe, either the use of the DTS is left optional or its length is made
selectable in MPEG-4 spec. If this is true, this corner may be shaved by
defining an Internet profile in MPEG-4 which does not transmit the DTS or
make it small enough to reduce the overhead.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
M. Reha Civanlar
Technology Leader, AT&T Labs - Research
100 Schultz Drive, Red Bank, NJ 07701, U.S.A
civanlar@research.att.com
Phone: +1 732 345 3305 Fax:+1 732 345 3033
http://www.research.att.com/info/mrc






From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 07:31:41 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 07:31:40 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9sDQ-0000Ju-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 07:30:56 -0700
Received: from smtpott1.nortel.ca [192.58.194.78] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9sDP-0000Jg-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 07:30:55 -0700
Received: from zcars00t by smtpott1; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 10:30:36 -0400
Received: from ca.nortel.com by zcars00t.ca.nortel.com 
          id <01118-0@zcars00t.ca.nortel.com>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 10:27:38 -0400
Date: 21 Aug 1998 10:27 EDT
Sender: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
To: mjh@east.isi.edu
Cc: civanlar@research.att.com, rem-conf@es.net
From: "Vahe Balabanian" <balabani@nortel.ca>
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Message-Id: <E0z9sDP-0000Jg-00@mail1.es.net>
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list



In message "Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago", mjh@east.isi.edu writes:

>
>>>I guess, it would be helpful if Vahe can explain which parts of MPEG4 make
>>>it "square."
>>>
>>These are my concerns:
>>
>>1- MPEG-4 Timestamps specifically the Decoder Time Stamp
>>   do we need a special provision for RTP at the Sync Layer?
>
>Given that you can't guarantee synchronized clocks between sender and
>receiver, all you need is synchronized clocks between different RTP
>streams from the same sender.  Thus it seems to me that putting the
>MPEG-4 "Decoder Time Stamp" in the RTP timestamp field would be
>acceptable.  
>
>Perhaps I'm missing something here.  What's special about it being a
>decoder timestamp rather than a A/V capture timestamp?  If all we're
>talking about is a constant offset, then as far as RTP is concerned,
>there's no significant difference.


MPEG-4 experts may want to comment more extensively since they seem
to be active on this reflector. In MPEG-4 there are two types of 
Timestamps:

1- Composition TS  provides the time at which a Composition Unit 
on a composition buffer is composited in a scene (using information
>from the Scene Stream) and rendered on the screen.

2- Decoding TS provides the time a received Access Unit on a 
decoder buffer is decompressed into a Composition Unit using an 
appropriate decoder for the stream (the decoder type is obtained 
>from the Object Descriptor Stream)and placed in a composition buffer.

Vahe





From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 09:21:56 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 09:21:55 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9tpA-0002NA-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 09:14:00 -0700
Received: from artemis-en.rus.uni-stuttgart.de (artemis.rus.uni-stuttgart.de) [129.69.1.28] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9tp9-0002Mt-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 09:13:59 -0700
Received: from kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de (kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de [129.69.30.17])
	by artemis.rus.uni-stuttgart.de (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id SAA02294;
	Fri, 21 Aug 1998 18:13:11 +0200 (MET DST)
	env-from (christ@rus.uni-stuttgart.de)
Received: from rus.uni-stuttgart.de (ksat10.rus.uni-stuttgart.de [129.69.30.170])
	by kssun7.rus.uni-stuttgart.de (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id SAA25859;
	Fri, 21 Aug 1998 18:03:12 +0200 (MET DST)
Message-ID: <35DDAACA.708F9C22@rus.uni-stuttgart.de>
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 19:13:46 +0200
From: Paul Christ <christ@rus.uni-stuttgart.de>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: rem-conf@es.net
CC: wesner@rus.uni-stuttgart.de, christ@rus.uni-stuttgart.de,
        Christian Comiqs <comiqs@cnet.francetelecom.fr>,
        Christine Guillemot <christine.guillemot@irisa.fr>
Subject: Concerning: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by artemis.rus.uni-stuttgart.de id SAA02294
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Dear all,

in the context of the European project=20

 'COMIQS -
  Commerce through=20
  MPEG-4 over the Internet with Quality of  Service'

see http://www.ccett.fr/comiqs/welcome.htm

INRIA/IRISA, Rennes and RUS, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart
are aiming at discussions in avt and mmusic concerning=20

- Generic Payload for RTP
- RTSP-based Stream Control for MPEG-4


We are preparing related private Internet-Drafts for Orlando;
you may see our colleague Stefan.Wesner@rus.uni-stuttgart.de
in Chicago (talented but new :-) in search of  further=20
discussions.


Abstract of our ideas so far:


Generic Payload for RTP
-----------------------
inspired by ... Microsoft, Sun, ISO;  FEC etc. proposals
Our approach: study of applicability for MPEG-4 audio, video and
possibly scene description streams=20
Our Ultimate goals: derive a payload=20
generic (i.e. unique for audio, video, possibly scene description) with
a simple but still sufficient fragmentation and grouping mechanism.=20
Allowing for protection against packet loss while alleviating from extra
connection management complexity for separate FEC channels in
high-number-of-streams applications such as MPEG-4
with protocol support for a hierarchy of error control mechanisms
(=91no=91,FEC, redundant data,...) adaptable to data segment types and
network characteristics
Possibly derive impact on MPEG-4 syntax (e.g drop HEC field of the=20
MPEG-4 video syntax)


RTSP-based Stream Control for MPEG-4
-------------------------------------
Our Goal: stream control command methods reflecting syntax and semantics
of the MPEG-4 scene nodes, in line with RTSP extension guidelines
(section 1.5)=20
Dissociating=20
  Connection Management         ~ url
  and Stream Control            ~ channelHandle
Extending Syntax and Semantics of RTSP methods
NormalPlayTime NPT extension to support  MPEG-4 Absolute
Time                         npt-ref =3D npt-hh : npt-mm : npt-ss . *DIGI=
T
Relative Time, Random Access Point RAP and Range extensions=20
use # HTML/SMIL fragment identifier,=20
specify ranges as npt-range | fragment-range
Extended Syntax:  loop (ch_identifier) e.g. PLAY loop (23,56,32)
Additional Optional Methods e.g. R-MUTE




Yours


Paul Christ
RUS



From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 15:32:56 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 15:32:55 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9zcE-0006ag-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 15:25:02 -0700
Received: from axl01it.ntc.nokia.com [131.228.118.232] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0z9zcB-0006aS-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 15:24:59 -0700
Received: from miller.ntc.nokia.com (miller.ntc.nokia.com [192.100.105.20]) by axl01it.ntc.nokia.com (8.8.5/8.6.9) with ESMTP id BAA17104; Sat, 22 Aug 1998 01:24:28 +0300 (EET DST)
Received: from rhino.ntc.nokia.com by miller.ntc.nokia.com with ESMTP
	(1.39.111.2/16.2) id AA114208100; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 18:21:40 -0400
Received: from Microsoft Mail (PU Serial #1991)
  by rhino.ntc.nokia.com (PostalUnion/SMTP(tm) v2.1.9c for Windows NT(tm))
  id AA-1998Aug21.181800.1991.301988; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 18:21:40 -0400
From: subbiah@NASBPD01BS.ntc.nokia.com (Subbiah Baranitharan NRC/Bos)
To: internet-drafts@ietf.org ('internet-drafts@ietf.org'),
        rem-conf@es.net ('rem-conf')
Cc: casner@cisco.com ('Stephen Casner')
Message-Id: <1998Aug21.181800.1991.301988@rhino.ntc.nokia.com>
X-Mailer: Microsoft Mail via PostalUnion/SMTP for Windows NT
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===_1998Aug21.181800.1991.301988===_"
Organization: Nokia Telecommunications
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 18:21:40 -0400
Subject: IETF draft to the AVT working group
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--===_1998Aug21.181800.1991.301988===_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable


Hello all,

Attached is an Internet Draft to the AVT working group titled "User =
Multiplexing in RTP payload between IP Telephony Gateways".
Sorry for the late submission.

Abstract

   This draft proposes a method to multiplex a number of low bit rate
   audio streams (upto 256) into a single RTP/UDP/IP connection between
   IP telephony gateways. Audio samples from different users are assem-
   bled into an RTP payload thus reducing the overhead of RTP/UDP/IP
   headers. To identify users sharing a single RTP/UDP/IP connection,
   a 2 byte MINI-Header is proposed. A channel negotiation procedure to
   assign and release channels on a single UDP connection between
   gateways is described.


[[ umrt_ietf_drft_new.txt : 4859 in umrt_iet.f_d ]]


regards,

Barani Subbiah


--===_1998Aug21.181800.1991.301988===_
Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name="umrt_iet.f_d"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
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--===_1998Aug21.181800.1991.301988===_--



From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 16:35:01 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 16:35:00 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zA0fL-00001h-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:32:19 -0700
Received: from mail-out2.apple.com [17.254.0.51] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zA0fI-00001V-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:32:17 -0700
Received: from mailgate.apple.com (A17-128-100-225.apple.com [17.128.100.225])
	by mail-out2.apple.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id QAA34560
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:20:45 -0700
Received: from scv2.apple.com (scv2.apple.com [17.128.100.140]) by mailgate.apple.com
 (mailgate.apple.com2.0.15) with ESMTP id <B0001856765@mailgate.apple.com>;
 Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:18:27 -0700
Received: from [17.255.20.102] (dsinger2.apple.com [17.255.20.102])
	by scv2.apple.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id QAA38436;
	Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:18:20 -0700
X-Sender: singer@mail.apple.com
Message-Id: <v04003a2fb203ade814bb@[17.255.20.102]>
In-Reply-To: <199808211230.FAA18082@mail-in1.apple.com>
References:  "Dave Singer's message of Thu, August 20, 1998 10:17:43 -0700
 regarding Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago id"
 <v04003a20b20204e82ab8@[17.255.20.102]> <E0z9WW6-0006Y9-00@mail1.es.net>
 <3980.903629846@north.lcs.mit.edu> <v04003a20b20204e82ab8@[17.255.20.102]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:16:20 -0700
To: Olivier AVARO - France Telecom - CNET  <olivier.avaro@cnet.francetelecom.fr>
From: Dave Singer <singer@apple.com>
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Cc: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>, Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>,
        casner@cisco.com, rem-conf@es.net
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Olivier


SDP is a simple text description format which declares basic information
about the set of streams forming a session. Here is an example of a simple
two-stream SDP:

v=0
o=qts 3104776650 3104776819 IN IP4 17.0.0.255
s=Faucet
i=Vic/Vat from the Lab Sun called faucet
u=http://www.apple.com
e=Ingrid Flowmore <iflow@faucet.apple.com>
p=Ingrid Flowmore 408 996 1010
c=IN IP4 224.2.210.93/15
t=0 0
a=tool:sdr v2.2a23
a=type:test
m=audio 22584 RTP/AVP 3
c=IN IP4 224.2.210.93/15
m=video 57736 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 224.2.255.62/15

you'll note that it is text-based. The initialization information needed
for Mpeg4 streams (e.g. the object descriptor) doesn't fit very comfortably
into this format. We discussed this a little at a recent IETF -- what to do
about 'codecs' which need significant setup information? I'm not sure we
reached a conclusion.

I suspect (?) that what SDP could tell you is the set of Mpeg4 streams
being used, and the mapping from IP RTP stream to Mpeg4 streamID. I would
treat the SDP file then as also presenting the 'initial object descriptor'
in the sense that it should say which are the 'root' streams of the
presentation. One of these might be an object descriptor stream, which
would use Mpeg4 streamIDS (as usual) and carry full object descriptors for
the streams. Using the mapping info in the SDP file, the StreamIDs could
then be mapped to RTP sessions. Such an approach assumes that any 'root'
streams do not use extension descriptors etc. and that all the information
needed about them (which would normally be in the initial object
descriptor) could be in the SDP file.

I am speculating without having detailed such a design, but I suspect some
approach along these lines is possible without doing violence to either
RTP/SDP etc. or to MPEG4.

At 5:30 AM -0700 8/21/98, Olivier AVARO - France Telecom - CNET wrote:
>Hi Dave, all,
>
> > Clearly there are questions here about the overlap -- e.g. between SDP
> > which describes streams and their format, and the Mpeg4 descriptor stream.
>
>I don't know yet SDP and if someone has got entry point I would be
>grateful. From the little knowledge I have, it seems that SDP could
>carry :
>- the first object descriptor needed by MPEG that tell where and what is
>the MPEG-4 content.
>- the complete MPEG-4 descriptor streams.
>
>Is it what you guys (Vahe, ohers, ...) have in mind ?
>
>Thanx for the feed back in any case.
>
>See you,
>
>Olivir
>


David Singer
Apple Computer/QuickTime 408-974-3162





From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 16:35:01 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 16:35:00 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zA0gS-00002D-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:33:28 -0700
Received: from mail-out2.apple.com [17.254.0.51] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zA0gR-000022-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:33:27 -0700
Received: from mailgate.apple.com (A17-128-100-225.apple.com [17.128.100.225])
	by mail-out2.apple.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id QAA13604
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:29:02 -0700
Received: from scv3.apple.com (scv3.apple.com [17.128.100.121]) by mailgate.apple.com
 (mailgate.apple.com2.0.15) with ESMTP id <B0001856946@mailgate.apple.com>;
 Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:27:27 -0700
Received: from [17.255.20.102] (dsinger2.apple.com [17.255.20.102])
	by scv3.apple.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id QAA31314;
	Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:27:23 -0700
X-Sender: singer@mail.apple.com
Message-Id: <v04003a30b203b058a779@[17.255.20.102]>
In-Reply-To: <E0z9qz6-0005AX-00@mail1.es.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 16:24:00 -0700
To: Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>
From: Dave Singer <singer@apple.com>
Subject: Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
Cc: civanlar@research.att.com, rem-conf@es.net
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

At 9:08 AM -0400 8/21/98, Vahe Balabanian wrote:
>These are my concerns:
>
>1- MPEG-4 Timestamps specifically the Decoder Time Stamp
>   do we need a special provision for RTP at the Sync Layer?
>

I think that the RTP time-stamp is, as someone else says, the presentation
time-stamp. Since some streams need both, those streams should have an RTP
payload format which allows them to carry DTS (or the delta between PTS and
DTS, which may be smaller) in the packets.


>3- MPEG-4 Elementary stream FlexMuxing in the context of RTP.
>   Does it break anything?
>

I don't believe so. One would have to declare the type of the RTP stream
(the payload type) as being Mpeg4 flexmux. The descriptive information for
this stream should include the flexmux mapping table. Happily, such a beast
could easily be put into an attribute in SDP, I think.

>2- The Generic MPEG-4 Payload how do we deal with them
>   in the RTP Mixers?
>
>4- What is the equivalent of a Scene and Object Descriptor
>   streams in RTP  in the context of multicasting and
>   Mixer operation. does RTP have to deal with these streams
>   in a different way?
>

There is a generic Mpeg-4 payload? Having asked that, my mind goes quite
numb at the thought of dynamic mixing of arbitrary Mpeg-4 sessions...


>In general when we describe the MPEG-4 RTP payload type don't we
>need to address the above to the extent there is nothing
>broken in RTP?

RTP provides a multiplexing layer and expects to identify the payload type
of each stream. Just as there have been separate payload types for Mpeg1
video elementary, audio elementary, and systems streams, so there may be
separate payload types for Mpeg4 video, visual, audio, flexmux, and so on.
I'm not sure what the set should be, but for the moment, I'm not convinced
it ought to have only one type.

David Singer
Apple Computer/QuickTime 408-974-3162





From rem-conf Fri Aug 21 20:03:22 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 21 20:03:20 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zA3ro-0002V2-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 19:57:24 -0700
Received: from hydra.precept.com [204.162.119.8] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zA3rm-0002Ue-00; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 19:57:22 -0700
Received: from oak.precept.com (oak.precept.com [204.162.116.21])
	by hydra.precept.com (8.8.6/8.8.6) with SMTP id TAA24796;
	Fri, 21 Aug 1998 19:56:21 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 19:56:58 -0700 (Pacific Daylight Time)
From: Stephen Casner <casner@cisco.com>
To: rem-conf@es.net
cc: Vern Paxson <vern@ee.lbl.gov>
Subject: Draft of updated AVT charter
Message-ID: <Pine.WNT.3.96.980821195226.-216741B-100000@oak.precept.com>
X-X-Sender: casner@big-bear.precept.com
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

As I mentioned in an earlier message, the AVT charter badly needs
updating.  My thanks to Colin Perkins for putting together most of
this draft charter.  The contents and schedule for the milestones will
be discussed at the AVT meeting next week.  Comments are welcome from
email participants as well.
							-- Steve


Audio/Video Transport (avt)

Chair(s):
	Stephen Casner <casner@precept.com>
	Colin Perkins <c.perkins@cs.ucl.ac.uk>

Transport Area Director(s):
	Scott Bradner <sob@harvard.edu>
	Vern Paxson <vern@ee.lbl.gov>

Transport Area Advisor:
	Vern Paxson <vern@ee.lbl.gov>

Mailing Lists:
	General Discussion:rem-conf@es.net
	To Subscribe: rem-conf-request@es.net
	Archive: ftp://nic.es.net/pub/mailing-lists/mail-archive/rem-conf

Description of Working Group:

The Audio/Video Transport Working Group was formed to specify
protocols for real-time transmission of audio and video over UDP and
IP multicast.  Although the original target was an experimental
protocol, in the time since the group was originally chartered much
research and develpment has been undertaken in this area, leading to
the specification of the standards-track Real-time Transport Protocol
(RTP).  RTP provides the necessary end-to-end network transport
functions for the delivery of real-time data, but does not address
resource reservation, guaranteed quality-of-service or call-setup
(other working groups are focusing on these problems).  An integral
part of RTP is the control protocol (RTCP) which augments the data
transport to allow monitoring of the data delivery in a manner
scalable to large multicast networks, and to provide minimal control
and identification functionality.

The base RTP specification was deliberately designed to be malleable,
with profile documents specifying its use in particular scenarios and
payload format documents defining the packetisation of particular
media formats.  The AVT group has developed a profile for audio/video
conferencing applications with minimal control and a large range of
payload format specifications.

We have also developed a header compression mechanism for RTP streams
and a document giving guidelines for the use of FEC as packet loss
protection. We are in the process of developing a MIB for RTP systems.

The future goals of the working group are to revise RTP and the A/V
profile for advancement to draft standard stage, to complete the MIB,
to produce a guidelines document for future developers of payload
formats and to continue development of new payload format documents
(including the possibility of producing a "generic" payload format).

Goals and Milestones:

	Revise RTP for advancement to draft standard.
	Revise A/V profile for advancement to draft standard.
		- Should aim for working group last call in November
		  and submission to the IESG immediately after the
		  December IETF. This gives time for one more round 
		  of editing after this meeting.
		- Part of this task is registering encoding names as
		  MIME subtypes
	Complete the MIB
		- Plan is for this work to be "finished" by December
	Write guidelines for payload format authors document
		- Can probably be ready for last call by December? It
		  should just take another round of editing, since the
		  current document is pretty good.
	Generic payload format?
		- Proposals to be merged and submitted as draft
		- Discussion at December meeting
		- Submit revised draft in February 1999
	Other payload formats?
		- BT656, H.263+, JPEG are done
		- PureVoice audio: last call September 1998
		- Generic FEC: I'd like to see this split, with the parity
		  FEC going to last call soon after this meeting and the
		  R-S forming a different draft, which can have one more
		  iteration before going to last call around the December 
		  meeting. The two are sufficiently different that these
		  should be two documents.
		- DMIF/MPEG-4: tied in with the generic stuff?
		- X protocol streams: off topic?
	Multiplexing protocol
		- Decide course of action at this meeting




From rem-conf Sat Aug 22 09:36:13 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sat Aug 22 09:36:12 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zAGS0-0001El-00; Sat, 22 Aug 1998 09:23:36 -0700
Received: from ctral1.vanderbilt.edu [129.59.1.22] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zAGRy-0001Eb-00; Sat, 22 Aug 1998 09:23:34 -0700
Received: from gavish ([194.90.232.150])
 by ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu (PMDF V5.1-10 #24212)
 id <01J0WHVAFAQO9GH2S4@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu>; Sat, 22 Aug 1998 11:24:02 CDT
Received: from gavish ([194.90.232.150])
 by ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu (PMDF V5.1-10 #24212)
 with SMTP id <01J0WHG689RM9GGVHY@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu>; Sat,
 22 Aug 1998 11:22:14 -0500 (CDT)
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 1998 11:07:12 -0500
From: Bezalel Gavish <gavishb@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu>
Subject: ICTEC 98 Conference - Call for Participation
X-Sender: gavishb@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu
To: (Recipient list suppressed)
Message-id: <01J0WHG7DUD09GGVHY@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu>
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


                           Call for Participation
First International Conference on Telecommunications and Electronic
Commerce (ICTEC)
                              Nashville, USA
                          November 20-22, 1998
             http://cottonian.ogsm.vanderbilt.edu/ICTEC/

Sponsored by
Vanderbilt University Institute for Public Policy Studies (VIPPS),
BellSouth, Magnetek, National Commercial Bank (Saudi Arabia), 
INFORMS Colleges on Information Systems and Telecommunications, IFIP WG
7.3, ATSMA

Over the past few years, electronic commerce (EC) has emerged as a dramatic
new mode of business. Today, almost every company is either using or
considering EC. Advances in telecommunications and automated processes are
already forcing dramatic changes in a variety of industries, ranging from
banking and finance to music and entertainment. Yet, the TEC environment is
still in a relatively early state of evolution. New forums focusing on EC
are necessary to stimulate the necessary interactions and knowledge
sharing; and given the central role of telecommunications networks in EC,
dialogue between telecommunications researchers and EC researchers is
essential. 

ICTEC will bring together both academic and industrial researchers in the
fields of telecommunications and EC, to discuss new technological
developments and their implications for EC, as well as technological issues
that need to be addressed to further the effectiveness and efficiency of
EC. The conference will combine research tracks in which technical papers
will be presented, with industrial tracks consisting of panels, plenary
speakers and exhibits. 

The conference will include technical sessions, panel discussions and
plenary talks on topics such as the following: 

EC Architecture
Information Management Issues in EC
EC Developments in Various Countries
EC Developments in Specific Industries 
Document Management
Agent-based EC Systems
EC Market Mechanisms
Marketing and Operations Issues in EC
Network Management issues
Legal and Policy Issues in TEC 
EC Strategy
Payment Systems in EC
Traffic Management Issues


Conference General Chair: Bezalel Gavish, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,
USA. 

Information on the conference, including location and registration
information, forms and contacts, is available on the WWW, at
http://cottonian.ogsm.vanderbilt.edu/ICTEC/



----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------
Bezalel Gavish
Owen Graduate School of Management
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN 37220
USA

Tel: Office (615) 322-3659            FAX (615) 343-7177
         Home (615) 370-0813

Email: Gavishb@ctral1.vanderbilt.edu



From rem-conf Sun Aug 23 07:35:55 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sun Aug 23 07:35:54 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zAb92-00035z-00; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 07:29:24 -0700
Received: from axl01it.ntc.nokia.com [131.228.118.232] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zAb8y-00035p-00; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 07:29:20 -0700
Received: from miller.ntc.nokia.com (miller.ntc.nokia.com [192.100.105.20]) by axl01it.ntc.nokia.com (8.8.5/8.6.9) with ESMTP id RAA16029; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 17:28:52 +0300 (EET DST)
Received: from rhino.ntc.nokia.com by miller.ntc.nokia.com with ESMTP
	(1.39.111.2/16.2) id AA197262364; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 10:26:04 -0400
Received: from Microsoft Mail (PU Serial #1991)
  by rhino.ntc.nokia.com (PostalUnion/SMTP(tm) v2.1.9c for Windows NT(tm))
  id AA-1998Aug23.102100.1991.302464; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 10:26:05 -0400
From: subbiah@NASBPD01BS.ntc.nokia.com (Subbiah Baranitharan NRC/Bos)
To: rem-conf@es.net ('rem-conf')
Cc: casner@cisco.com ('Stephen Casner')
Message-Id: <1998Aug23.102100.1991.302464@rhino.ntc.nokia.com>
X-Mailer: Microsoft Mail via PostalUnion/SMTP for Windows NT
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===_1998Aug23.102100.1991.302464===_"
Organization: Nokia Telecommunications
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 1998 10:26:05 -0400
Subject: FW: IETF draft to the AVT working group
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

--===_1998Aug23.102100.1991.302464===_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable


Hi,

Please use text editor to open the draft circulated earlier. Filename was =
truncated in the earlier version.

regards,

Barani Subbiah
 ----------
From: Subbiah Baranitharan NRC/Bos
To: 'internet-drafts@ietf.org'; 'rem-conf'
Cc: 'Stephen Casner'
Subject: IETF draft to the AVT working group
Date: Friday, August 21, 1998 6:21PM

[[ umrt_nok.txt : 2683 in umrt_nok.txt ]]

Hello all,

Attached is an Internet Draft to the AVT working group titled "User
Multiplexing
in RTP payload between IP Telephony Gateways".
Sorry for the late submission.

Abstract

   This draft proposes a method to multiplex a number of low bit rate
   audio streams (upto 256) into a single RTP/UDP/IP connection between
   IP telephony gateways. Audio samples from different users are assem-
   bled into an RTP payload thus reducing the overhead of RTP/UDP/IP
   headers. To identify users sharing a single RTP/UDP/IP connection,
   a 2 byte MINI-Header is proposed. A channel negotiation procedure to
   assign and release channels on a single UDP connection between
   gateways is described.


[[ umrt_ietf_drft_new.txt : 4859 in umrt_iet.f_d ]]


regards,

Barani Subbiah


 --base64 encoded file (umrt_iet.f_d) attached...




--===_1998Aug23.102100.1991.302464===_
Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name="umrt_nok.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
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--===_1998Aug23.102100.1991.302464===_--



From rem-conf Sun Aug 23 12:52:36 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sun Aug 23 12:52:36 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zAg6Q-00061n-00; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 12:47:02 -0700
Received: from rumor.research.att.com [192.20.225.9] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zAg6P-00061d-00; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 12:47:01 -0700
Received: from research.att.com ([135.207.30.100]) by rumor; Sun Aug 23 15:40:20 EDT 1998
Received: from surfcity.research.att.com ([135.207.128.5]) by research; Sun Aug 23 15:44:18 EDT 1998
Received: from pcbasso.research.att.com (pcbasso [135.207.130.108])
	by surfcity.research.att.com (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id PAA02583;
	Sun, 23 Aug 1998 15:43:49 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35E0714F.4B46@research.att.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 1998 15:45:19 -0400
From: Andrea Basso <basso@research.att.com>
Reply-To: basso@research.att.com
Organization: AT&T Labs - Research
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0Gold (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: osimcast@bbn.com, sc6wg4@ntd.comsat.com, xtp-relay@cs.concordia.ca,
        reres@laas.fr, prs@masi.ibp.fr, comswtc@gmu.ed,
        multicomm@cc.bellcore.com, giga@tele.pitt.edu, tccc@ieee.org,
        itc%ieee.org.isadsoc@fokus.gmd.de, ctc-members@redbank.tinac.com,
        ieee_rtc_list@cs.tamu.edu, enternet@bbn.com,
        gcomlist1@manjaro.ece.iit.edu, comsoc.bog@tab.ieee.org,
        sigmedia@bellcore.com, comsoc.tac@tab.ieee.org, comsoc-gicb@ieee.org,
        commsoft@cc.bellcore.com, BM-List1@cs.ucdavis.edu,
        modern-heuristics@uk.ac.mailbase.ucdavis.edu,
        cellular@dfv.rwth-aachen.edu, cost237-transport@comp.lancs.ac.uk,
        testnet@canarie.ca, itc@fokus.gmd.de, dbworld@cs.wisc.edu,
        end2end-interest@isi.edu, f-troup@codex.cis.upenn.edu,
        hipparch@sophia.inria.fr, rem-conf@es.net, mobile-ip@tadpole.com,
        ieeetcpc@ccvm.sunysb.edu, epr@infotest.com, golshani@asu.edu,
        ni@cps.msu.edu, park@cstp.umkc.edu,
        tcp-over-satellite@achtung.sp.trw.com, udlr@sophia.inria.fr,
        knom@nile.postech.ac.kr, han-announce@news.postech.ac.kr,
        han-net-announce@news.postech.ac.kr, info@nmf.org, comsoc-cii@ieee.org,
        ifip-nm@bbn.com, nmf-objects@nmf.org, ietf@venera.isi.edu,
        fli@ee.pdx.edu, mpeg4ipr@research.kpn.com, mpeg4reqs@research.kpn.com,
        mux-sys@fzi.de
CC: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Packet Video 99 Call for Papers
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------24BE748D25A3"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

--------------24BE748D25A3
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

-- 
Andrea Basso
Senior Technical Staff Member 
AT&T Labs - Research
Room 3-219, 100 Schultz Drive, Red Bank, NJ  07701
tel:+1 732 345 3302 fax:+1 732 345 3033
E-mail: basso@research.att.com
WWW   : http://www.research.att.com/info/basso

--------------24BE748D25A3
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; name="pkvd99cfpnew.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="pkvd99cfpnew.txt"

				CALL FOR PAPERS

				Packet Video '99 

		The 9th International Packet Video Workshop 
				26-27 April 1999 
			New York City, U.S.A
		http://www.research.att.com/~mrc/PacketVideo99.html 
		In Europe: http://www.inria.fr/rodeo/turletti/pv99/
 
Sponsored by: AT&T, Columbia University, EURASIP,
IEEE Signal Processing Society IMDSP & MMSP Technical Committees 

The ninth International Packet Video Workshop (PV' 99) will be held at the Davis auditorium, of Columbia University in New York City. The workshop is devoted to presenting technological advancements and innovations in video transmission over packet networks, in particular, the Internet. Packet Video Workshops have been unique in providing a common ground for people from video coding and networking fields. Presentations on theory and practice, standards activities, and business and consumer applications are encouraged.

We cordially invite you to take part in this workshop by submitting your work and look forward to seeing you in New York City in April 1999 for what will be a most rewarding and exciting experience!  

PV'99 is scheduled to take place in the week following Picture Coding Symposium 99 (PCS' 99)  which is being held in Portland Oregon, on 21-23 April 1999. For information on  PCS'99 please contact:
pcs@pcs.ece.orst.edu

TECHNICAL PROGRAM 
The technical program of Packet Video '99 will consist of invited talks, submitted paper presentations, poster sessions and a plenary session: "After Internet Telephony, Internet Television..."

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:
* Video streaming over the Internet
* Network adaptive video coding and transport
* Packetized video for home LAN's
* Packetized video for wireless/mobile systems
* Layered coding for error resilience and heterogeneous networks
* Packet loss resilient coding and transport 
* Terminal and server architectures for Internet TV
* Efficient transcoding for heterogeneous networks 
* Congestion control
* Error concealment
* Statistical multiplexing for greater network and terminal utilization
* Traffic shaping for efficient network and terminal utilization 
* Interstream synchronization for multiple video presentations 
* Performance modeling and evaluation
* Rate control for VBR video
* International Standards: MPEG-4, MPEG-7, H.263+, RTP, RTSP, SIP, SDP
* Multicasting, MBONE applications
* Implementations and commercial applications

Best Paper Award: The author of the best paper will receive: A $250 cash prize graciously donated by NEC USA, C&C Research Laboratories.
Manuscripts submitted to PV'99 will be considered for publication in the special issue of EURASIP Journal Signal Processing: Image Communication, REAL-TIME VIDEO OVER THE INTERNET also.

Submissions
Please submit an electronic manuscript written in HTML, not exceeding 7 Mbytes and 10 printed pages. We will produce a CD-ROM containing the accepted papers. Electronic components accompanying your submission are strongly encouraged.
Submit your work in ONE of the following forms: 

1) a set of HTML files organized in a single directory OR
2) as a URL (you must have the rights to all the material there, and guarantee stability of the files until the conference).

to:           pv99-submissions@research.att.com

Detailed instructions for authors and help with manuscript preparation with HTML can be found on the conference web page: http://www.research.att.com/~mrc/PacketVideo99.html 


ALL SUBMISSIONS MUST BE RECEIVED no later than: December 15th, 1998, 
NOTIFICATION OF ACCEPTANCE: February 1, 1999
FINAL PAPERS DUE: March 15, 1999 



GENERAL CHAIR 				PUBLICATION & LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS
M. Reha Civanlar 			Andrea Basso
AT&T Labs - Research			AT&T Labs - Research
100 Schultz Drive, 3-213                100 Schultz Drive, 3-219
Red Bank, NJ 07701                      Red Bank, NJ 07701
USA 					USA
civanlar@research.att.com               basso@research.att.com

PACKET VIDEO' 99 INTERNATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE

John  Arnold,           	University of New South Wales,  Australia
Andrea Basso,           	AT&T Labs - Research,           	USA
Stephen Casner,         	Precept Software,               	USA
Shih-Fu Chang,          	Columbia University,            	USA
Leonardo Chiariglione, 		CSELT,                          	Italy
M. Reha Civanlar,       	AT&T Labs - Research,           	USA
Jon Crowcroft,          	University College of London,   	UK
Mohammed  Ghanbari,     	University of Essex	        	UK
Barry G. Haskell	       	AT&T Labs - Research,                  	USA
Steven McCanne,         	U. C. Berkeley,                 	USA
Geoff Morrison,         	BT Labs,                        	UK
Joerg Ott,              	University of Bremen,           	Germany
Sakae Okubo,            	Graphics Communication Labs,    	Japan
D. Raychaudhuri,       		NEC Research,                   	USA
Amy  Reibman,           	AT&T Labs - Research,           	USA
Henning Schulzrinne,    	Columbia University,            	USA
Gary  Sullivan,        		PictureTel,                     	USA
Toshitaka Tsuda,       		Fujitsu,                        	Japan
Thierry  Turletti,      	INRIA,                         		France
Stephan Wenger,         	Technical University of Berlin, 	Germany
Hiroshi Yasuda,         	NTT,                           		Japan

--------------24BE748D25A3--





From rem-conf Mon Aug 24 01:34:22 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 24 01:34:22 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zAs1I-00046v-00; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 01:30:32 -0700
Received: from ss3000e.cselt.it [163.162.4.10] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zAs1F-00046k-00; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 01:30:29 -0700
Received: from rabadan.cselt.stet.it by ss3000e.cselt.stet.it
 (PMDF V5.1-12 #29348) with ESMTP id <0EY600JIZQ6Z3Y@ss3000e.cselt.stet.it> for
 rem-conf@es.net; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 10:28:12 +0200 (MET DST)
Received: by rabadan.cselt.stet.it with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
 id <Q2FRB2K4>; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 10:30:21 +0200
Content-return: allowed
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 1998 10:30:39 +0200
From: Franceschini Guido <Guido.Franceschini@CSELT.IT>
Subject: RE: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
To: Olivier AVARO - France Telecom - CNET
 <olivier.avaro@cnet.francetelecom.fr>, 'Dave Singer' <singer@apple.com>
Cc: Mark Handley <mjh@east.isi.edu>, Vahe Balabanian <balabani@nortel.ca>,
 casner@cisco.com, rem-conf@es.net
Message-id: <7FC1C9AF63BAD111ADEA0008C728A50F222AD2@xnole.cselt.stet.it>
Old-X-Envelope-to: rem-conf@es.net
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Dave, all,

your mail on SDP & MPEG4 anticipates a planned contribution of mine on
this issue. I summarize here what I plan to describe in better detail
for the MPEG october meeting in Atlantic City.

Maybe you know that I have implemented for MPEG-4 IM1 (and demonstrated
to the DMIF group at the MPEG Dublin meeting) MPEG-4 over IP multicast.
We are now planning a second, better demo for the Atlantic City MPEG
meeting.
I have implemented:
- a simple server which delivers content in UDP multicast sockets, using
the MPEG-4 Sync Layer and the MPEG-4 FlexMux: it does not use RTP
- a DMIF instance at the receiver side able to read content from
multicast sockets. The design of this instance also includes the parsing
of SDP-like descriptions of MPEG-4 content.

I was planning to prepare a contribution to Atlantic City describing my
implementation, and the addition I put to SDP to make it MSDP (MPEG-SDP
;-). I was also willing to demonstrate how we added a simple plugin to
SDR in order to let it start the IM1 player (but probably this demo will
not be made, because out of context. However it works already)

In order to make my implementation work withouth changing the basic
features of SDP and SDR (and thus integrating with SDR), I accepted
unoptimized solutions.
I had 2 obstacles with respect to SDP and SDR
- in SDP there is no keyword nor attribute for MPEG and for MPEG-4
Flexmuxes
- SDR associates an application to each media described, making it
impossible to run a single player for managing all the media at once
My solution (which is unoptimal, but at least working ;-) extends SDP
introducing keywords for the "MPEG" media, and an attribute (URL) to
point to the MSDP file. The MSDP file, in turn, looks similar to normal
SDP, but is obviously a bit different, and needs a different parser.
With this trick, I just had to write a plugin for SDR; SDR associates
the IM1 player to the "MPEG-4 media", and the IM1 player then processes
the URL pointing to the MSDP file.
At the moment, there is no reason for such MSDP file to be text based,
thus I could have introduced the Initial OD in it. I haven't done it yet
(I use yet another URL to get the IOD).

Best regards

Guido Franceschini

-------------------------------
CSELT, Via Reiss Romoli 274 , I-10148 Torino - Italy
Tel + 39 011 228 6137
Fax + 39 011 228 6190
Email guido.franceschini@cselt.it




> ----------
> From: 	Dave Singer[SMTP:singer@apple.com]
> Sent: 	Saturday, August 22, 1998 1:16 AM
> To: 	Olivier AVARO - France Telecom - CNET
> Cc: 	Mark Handley; Vahe Balabanian; casner@cisco.com; rem-conf@es.net
> Subject: 	Re: Proposed agenda for AVT WG at IETF in Chicago
> 
> Olivier
> 
> 
> SDP is a simple text description format which declares basic
> information
> about the set of streams forming a session. Here is an example of a
> simple
> two-stream SDP:
> 
> v=0
> o=qts 3104776650 3104776819 IN IP4 17.0.0.255
> s=Faucet
> i=Vic/Vat from the Lab Sun called faucet
> u=http://www.apple.com
> e=Ingrid Flowmore <iflow@faucet.apple.com>
> p=Ingrid Flowmore 408 996 1010
> c=IN IP4 224.2.210.93/15
> t=0 0
> a=tool:sdr v2.2a23
> a=type:test
> m=audio 22584 RTP/AVP 3
> c=IN IP4 224.2.210.93/15
> m=video 57736 RTP/AVP 31
> c=IN IP4 224.2.255.62/15
> 
> you'll note that it is text-based. The initialization information
> needed
> for Mpeg4 streams (e.g. the object descriptor) doesn't fit very
> comfortably
> into this format. We discussed this a little at a recent IETF -- what
> to do
> about 'codecs' which need significant setup information? I'm not sure
> we
> reached a conclusion.
> 
> I suspect (?) that what SDP could tell you is the set of Mpeg4 streams
> being used, and the mapping from IP RTP stream to Mpeg4 streamID. I
> would
> treat the SDP file then as also presenting the 'initial object
> descriptor'
> in the sense that it should say which are the 'root' streams of the
> presentation. One of these might be an object descriptor stream, which
> would use Mpeg4 streamIDS (as usual) and carry full object descriptors
> for
> the streams. Using the mapping info in the SDP file, the StreamIDs
> could
> then be mapped to RTP sessions. Such an approach assumes that any
> 'root'
> streams do not use extension descriptors etc. and that all the
> information
> needed about them (which would normally be in the initial object
> descriptor) could be in the SDP file.
> 
> I am speculating without having detailed such a design, but I suspect
> some
> approach along these lines is possible without doing violence to
> either
> RTP/SDP etc. or to MPEG4.
> 
> At 5:30 AM -0700 8/21/98, Olivier AVARO - France Telecom - CNET wrote:
> >Hi Dave, all,
> >
> > > Clearly there are questions here about the overlap -- e.g. between
> SDP
> > > which describes streams and their format, and the Mpeg4 descriptor
> stream.
> >
> >I don't know yet SDP and if someone has got entry point I would be
> >grateful. From the little knowledge I have, it seems that SDP could
> >carry :
> >- the first object descriptor needed by MPEG that tell where and what
> is
> >the MPEG-4 content.
> >- the complete MPEG-4 descriptor streams.
> >
> >Is it what you guys (Vahe, ohers, ...) have in mind ?
> >
> >Thanx for the feed back in any case.
> >
> >See you,
> >
> >Olivir
> >
> 
> 
> David Singer
> Apple Computer/QuickTime 408-974-3162
> 
> 
> 



From rem-conf Mon Aug 24 14:06:32 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 24 14:06:31 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zB3Vr-0003zG-00; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 13:46:51 -0700
Received: from (proxy2.activetouch.com) [202.47.133.202] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zB3Vp-0003yN-00; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 13:46:50 -0700
Received: from ANEWORLD by proxy2.activetouch.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.0.1457.7)
	id RSBZHGYK; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 13:44:30 -0700
Message-ID: <35E1D2E7.EE8F2215@activetouch.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 1998 13:53:59 -0700
From: Tony Zhao <tony@activetouch.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.06 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: unsubscript
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

unsubscript
unsubscription
remove me, I will use other account to join, thanks




From rem-conf Mon Aug 24 14:06:32 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 24 14:06:32 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zB3aV-00043C-00; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 13:51:39 -0700
Received: from (proxy2.activetouch.com) [202.47.133.202] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zB3aU-00041e-00; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 13:51:38 -0700
Received: from ANEWORLD by proxy2.activetouch.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.0.1457.7)
	id RSBZHGZG; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 13:49:24 -0700
Message-ID: <35E1D40C.934B4EBD@activetouch.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 1998 13:58:52 -0700
From: Tony Zhao <tonyzhao@activetouch.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.06 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: subscript
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

subscript
subscription
Please Sign me on, thanks




From rem-conf Mon Aug 24 16:51:50 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 24 16:51:48 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zB6Bu-0006Z1-00; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 16:38:26 -0700
Received: from caboose.zip.com.au [203.12.97.11] (root)
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zB6Bs-0006Yq-00; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 16:38:25 -0700
Received: from zip.com.au (jeff12.zip.com.au [203.62.150.140])
	by caboose.zip.com.au (8.9.1/8.9.1) with ESMTP id JAA31091
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 09:38:16 +1000
Message-ID: <35E1FA97.18F3293B@zip.com.au>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1998 09:43:19 +1000
From: Phil Brewer <brewerp@zip.com.au>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: unsubscript
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------66203A17789B3847914B3911"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------66203A17789B3847914B3911
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

unsubscript
unsubscription
remove me, please

--------------66203A17789B3847914B3911
Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=us-ascii; name="vcard.vcf"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Description: Card for Phil Brewer
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="vcard.vcf"

begin:          vcard
fn:             Phil Brewer
n:              Brewer;Phil
org:            Chubb VISION
adr:            87 Racecourse Road;;North Melbourne;Melbourne;Victoria;3051;AUSTRALIA
email;internet: brewerp@zip.com.au
title:          CCTV/Video Support Engineer
tel;work:       +61 3 9241 5522
tel;fax:        +61 3 9328 2304
tel;home:       0417 054 099
x-mozilla-cpt:  ;0
x-mozilla-html: FALSE
version:        2.1
end:            vcard


--------------66203A17789B3847914B3911--




From rem-conf Tue Aug 25 01:56:27 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 25 01:56:26 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zBEqU-0002o1-00; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 01:52:54 -0700
Received: from tkrn6.informatik.uni-hamburg.de [134.100.15.166] (root)
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zBEqS-0002nQ-00; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 01:52:52 -0700
Received: from tkrn7.informatik.uni-hamburg.de (richter@tkrn7.informatik.uni-hamburg.de [134.100.15.167])
	by tkrn6.informatik.uni-hamburg.de (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id KAA23318;
	Tue, 25 Aug 1998 10:49:03 +0200 (MET DST)
From: Jan-Peter Richter <richter@tkrn.informatik.uni-hamburg.de>
Received: (from richter@localhost)
	by tkrn7.informatik.uni-hamburg.de (8.8.8/8.8.8) id KAA09655;
	Tue, 25 Aug 1998 10:49:02 +0200 (MET DST)
Message-Id: <199808250849.KAA09655@tkrn7.informatik.uni-hamburg.de>
To: mbone@isi.edu, rem-conf@es.net, cabernet-events@newcastle.ac.uk,
        mmt-liste@tu-dresden.de, int-serv@isi.edu, rsvp@isi.edu
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1998 10:49:02 +0200 (MET DST)
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL25]
Content-Type: text
Subject: Unidentified subject!
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list



     --> We apologize if you receive multiple copies of this. <-- 
    
=======================================================================


********************************************************************

                     Preliminary Call for Papers 

                             Workshop on 

                    Modeling Multimedia Support in
            Next Generation High Speed Networks (NGHSN99)

                 Warsaw, Poland, June 1st to 2nd, 1999

                           co-located with
                                ESM'99 
                 European Simulation Multiconference


Highly demanding applications such as multimedia are becoming more and
more important in today's high speed networks. The design of future  
communication infrastructures will be strongly influenced by experiences
made today, and support for modern application will be available.
However,
making such applications feasible will not work when based on ad-hoc 
solutions due to the high complexity of the whole problem field. Rather, 
models, simulation and analysis should be employed to direct future 
developments. 

The goal of this workshop is to survey and advance the state of the art
in modeling and simulation support for future generation high-speed
networks and 
applications. Possible topics include, but are not limited to

- traffic models
- modeling techniques (automata-based techniques, Markov chains, Petri
                         Nets etc.)
- simulation (languages, tools)
- real-time issues
- Quality of Service (modeling, Internet support, pricing and charging
etc.)
- multimedia in the Internet and WWW
- multicast and Group Communication (modeling, simulation, QoS
                                     support)
- programmable networks: active networks and open signalling



Requested Contributions and Submission Procedure:
-------------------------------------------------


Please submit your full-length paper (Postscript or PDF, 11pt font min,
8 pages max.)
electronically using our web site at
http://www.i-u.de/resources/events/NGHSN99/. You will find further
instructions about the submission process there.

If you cannot submit electronically, please send 5 hardcopies of your
paper to

Dr. Stefan Fischer
International University
School of Information Technology
International University Campus 1
D-76646 Bruchsal
Germany 

Accepted papers will be published in workshop proceedings (by SCS).



Important Dates:
----------------

November 1st, 1998: Submission of papers
January 15th, 1999: Notification of Acceptance
March 1st, 1999:    Camera-Ready Copy


General Chair:
--------------
Hermann de Meer, Columbia University, New York, USA

Program Chair:
--------------
Stefan Fischer, International University, Bruchsal, Germany

Program Committee:
------------------
Gregor v. Bochmann, University of Ottawa, Canada
Gunter Bolch, University of Erlangen, Germany
Torsten Braun, University of Berne, Sitzerland
Jan Bredereke, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Stanislaw Budkowski, INT Evry, France
Michel Diaz, LAAS, France
Reinhard Gotzhein, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
Abdelhakim Hafid, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
Stefan Leue, University of Waterloo, Canada
Jozef Lubacz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Jan de Meer, GMD FOKUS, Berlin, Germany
Bruno Mueller-Clostermann, University of Essen, Germany
Andrzej Pach, Cracow University of Mining, Poland
Otto Spaniol, RWTH Aachen, Germany
Heinrich Stuettgen, NEC Europe, Germany
Janos Sztrik, University of Debrecin, Hungary
Miklos Telek, University of Budapest, Hungary
Kishor S. Trivedi, Duke University, USA
Ralph Wittmann, TU Braunschweig, Germany
Lars Wolf, TU Darmstadt, Germany
Martina Zitterbart, TU Braunschweig, Germany


For further information, contact:

Hermann de Meer (hdm@comet.columbia.edu) or
Stefan Fischer (Stefan.Fischer@i-u.de)





From rem-conf Tue Aug 25 02:19:10 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 25 02:19:09 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zBFEi-0003VO-00; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 02:17:56 -0700
Received: from (outside2.enea.se) [192.36.1.249] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zBFEg-0003VC-00; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 02:17:54 -0700
Received: by outside2.enea.se (8.9.0/8.6.9) 
        id KAA25986 for <rem-conf@es.net>; 
        Tue, 25 Aug 1998 10:06:32 +0200
X-Authentication-Warning: outside2.enea.se: bin set sender to <rifo@enea.se> using -f
Received: from freja(172.16.1.3) by outside2.enea.se via smap (V2.1)
	id xma025980; Tue, 25 Aug 98 10:06:25 +0200
Received: from enea.se ()
	by (8.8.5/8.8.0) with ESMTP
	id LAA07167 for <rem-conf@es.net>;
	Tue, 25 Aug 1998 11:16:01 +0200 (MET DST)
Message-ID: <35E281E7.EA086F5A@enea.se>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1998 11:20:39 +0200
From: Rikard Fooladi <rifo@enea.se>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: unsubscript
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

unsubscript

please remove me from your account !




From rem-conf Tue Aug 25 09:33:41 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Tue Aug 25 09:33:41 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zBLwk-0000Vi-00; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 09:27:50 -0700
Received: from pmc02ext.pmc.philips.com (pmc02.pmc.philips.com) [208.198.161.202] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zBLwj-0000VB-00; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 09:27:49 -0700
Received: from amalia-1.pmc.philips.com by pmc02.pmc.philips.com via SMTP (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	for <rem-conf@es.net> id JAA05364; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 09:26:38 -0700
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19980825092626.006fb72c@mailhost>
X-Sender: amalia@mailhost
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1998 09:26:27 -0700
To: rem-conf@es.net
From: Amalia Garay <amalia@pmc.philips.com>
Subject: Re: unsubscript
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Please remove me from your account.

- - - - - -

At 11:20 AM 8/25/98 +0200, Rikard Fooladi wrote:
>unsubscript
>
>please remove me from your account !
>
>
>



From rem-conf Wed Aug 26 12:03:04 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 26 12:03:02 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zBkgL-0007X5-00; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 11:52:33 -0700
Received: from gumby.cs.berkeley.edu [128.32.32.38] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zBkgK-0007Wv-00; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 11:52:32 -0700
Received: from quimby.cs.berkeley.edu (quimby.CS.Berkeley.EDU [128.32.131.169]) by gumby.CS.Berkeley.EDU (8.8.4/8.6.9) with ESMTP id LAA28310 for <rem-conf@es.net>; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 11:52:31 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <199808261852.LAA28310@gumby.CS.Berkeley.EDU>
X-Mailer: exmh version 1.6.9 8/22/96
From: "Larry Rowe" <Rowe@bmrc.berkeley.edu>
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: [REMINDER] Berkeley MIG Seminar Today: D. Glazer "Implementing an 
 On-demand Internet  Streaming Media Business
Reply-To: Rowe@bmrc.berkeley.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1998 11:52:31 -0700
Sender: larry@bmrc.berkeley.edu
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Implementing an On-Demand Internet Streaming Media Business 
(Wednesday August 26, 1998 12:30-2:00 PDT 405 Soda Hall) 
Dave Glazer (Eloquent, Inc. )

The delivery of knowledge is being revolutionized by the influence of desktop 
multimedia technology.
The ability to digitize and distribute various media and documents has created 
new possibilities that can
increase the effectiveness of information while lowering the cost of its 
delivery. While much of today's
technology-based training uses sophistcated custom-built applications, most 
organizations do not
have the time or money to build them. This talk will describe an Enterprise 
Knowledge Development
System that can be used to provide on-demand, computer-based training. The 
system is based on
streaming digital audio and video with synchronized slides and transcript. The 
authoring process, media
server, delivery protocol, and client application will be described. 

---
MBone addresses:
 video (vic)  224.2.231.74/44332
 audio (vat) 224.2.196.31/18208

http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/mig/






From rem-conf Wed Aug 26 12:29:38 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Wed Aug 26 12:29:38 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zBlE4-0000bv-00; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 12:27:24 -0700
Received: from gumby.cs.berkeley.edu [128.32.32.38] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zBlE3-0000bk-00; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 12:27:23 -0700
Received: from quimby.cs.berkeley.edu (quimby.CS.Berkeley.EDU [128.32.131.169]) by gumby.CS.Berkeley.EDU (8.8.4/8.6.9) with ESMTP id MAA28555 for <rem-conf@es.net>; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 12:27:22 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <199808261927.MAA28555@gumby.CS.Berkeley.EDU>
X-Mailer: exmh version 1.6.9 8/22/96
From: "Larry Rowe" <Rowe@bmrc.berkeley.edu>
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: Berkeley MIG Seminar -- MBone address error...
Reply-To: Rowe@bmrc.berkeley.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1998 12:27:22 -0700
Sender: larry@bmrc.berkeley.edu
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

In the previous message, I gave the wrong addresses.  The correct addresses 
are:

video 224.2.163.7/57076
audio 224.2.147.61/27202

The session is also being announced in sdr as "Berkeley MIG Seminar"

Sorry for the confusion, this is the first seminar this semester and we've 
changed a lot of things...
	Larry
-- 
Professor Lawrence A. Rowe               Internet:  Rowe@BMRC.Berkeley.EDU
Computer Science Division - EECS         Phone: 510-642-5117
University of California, Berkeley       Fax: 510-642-5615
Berkeley, CA 94720-1776		 URL: http://www.bmrc.berkeley.edu/~larry





From rem-conf Thu Aug 27 11:29:45 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 27 11:29:43 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zC6gQ-0007BV-00; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 11:22:06 -0700
Received: from nobozo.cs.berkeley.edu [128.32.34.58] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zC6gP-0007BH-00; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 11:22:05 -0700
Received: from sockeye (sockeye.CS.Berkeley.EDU [128.32.36.74]) by nobozo.CS.Berkeley.EDU (8.8.8/8.6.3) with SMTP id LAA29191 for <rem-conf@es.net>; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 11:22:04 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <3.0.3.32.19980827112204.00a7ddb0@gumby.cs.berkeley.edu>
X-Sender: cwilliams@gumby.cs.berkeley.edu
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.3 (32)
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 1998 11:22:04 -0700
To: rem-conf@es.net
From: Chris Williams <cwilliams@bmrc.berkeley.edu>
Subject: Sept. 2 Berkeley Multimedia, Interfaces, and Graphics
  Seminar/Webcast
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

<center>Visualizing the Evolution of Web Ecologies 


Wednesday September 2, 1998 12:30-2:00 PDT 

405 Soda Hall


Ed Chi 

Department of Computer Science and Engineering 

University of Minnesota 

</center>

Several visualizations have emerged which attempt to visualize the World
Wide Web. Those visualizations, however, fail to present the dynamically
changing ecology of users and documents on the Web. We present new
techniques for Web Ecology and Evolution Visualization. Disk Trees
represent a discrete time slice of the Web ecology. A collection of Disk
Trees forms a Time Tube, representing the evolution of the Web over
longer periods of time. These visualizations are intended to aid authors
and webmasters with the production and organization of content, assist
web surfers making sense of information, and help researchers understand
the Web. 


Given the infancy of the Web, it is not surprising that the interactions
and relationships within Web ecologies are not very well understood. The
visualization system presented in this paper pushes the capabilites of
current Web analysis programs in the amount of data it is able to handle
as well as making the evolutionary patterns of Web ecologies more
apparent. As the World Wide Web continues to grow in the number of users
and the number of documents made accessible, the problem of understanding
the correlations between the producers of the information, the
charateristics of the information, and the users of the information will
most likely remain. While the Time Tube was able to address several real
world analysis scenarios that are not possible with other systems, we
look forward to expanding the capabilites of the Time Tube, and as a
result, our understanding of Web ecologies and other

time-dependent document ecologies. 


Published in Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems 1998. Paper available at: 


http://www.cs.umn.edu/~echi/papers.html 

Joint work with James Pitkow, Jock Mackinlay, Peter Pirolli, Rich
Gossweiler, Stuart K. Card 

____________________________________________


Chris Williams

Berkeley Multimedia Research Center (BMRC)

http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/

626 Soda Hall #1776

University of California

Berkeley, CA 94720-1776

Phone: (510) 643-0800   FAX: (510) 642-5615  

Email: cwilliams@bmrc.berkeley.edu



From rem-conf Thu Aug 27 14:46:43 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Thu Aug 27 14:46:42 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zC9jb-0001ja-00; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 14:37:35 -0700
Received: from hercules.cs.ucsb.edu [128.111.41.30] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zC9ja-0001jQ-00; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 14:37:34 -0700
Received: from jackson.cs.ucsb.edu (almeroth@jackson [128.111.52.10])
	by hercules.cs.ucsb.edu (8.8.6/8.8.6) with ESMTP id OAA18463;
	Thu, 27 Aug 1998 14:37:07 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by jackson.cs.ucsb.edu (8.8.8+Sun/SMI-SVR4)
	id OAA10108 for ; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 14:37:03 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 1998 14:37:03 -0700 (PDT)
From: almeroth@cs.ucsb.edu (Kevin C. Almeroth)
Message-Id: <199808272137.OAA10108@jackson.cs.ucsb.edu>
To: almeroth@cs.ucsb.edu
Subject: 42nd IETF on IMJ
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

(lists bcc'ed to prevent accidents).

***

     Announcing Availability of the 42nd IETF Sessions on the IMJ

I'm ready to announce that most of the sessions from the 42nd IETF in 
Chicago, IL that were transmitted on the MBone are now available on the 
IMJ (http://imj.gatech.edu) for on-demand playback The IETF isn't over
yet but sessions will be made available as soon as the sessions are
over.  You can schedule programs via the WWW page and start the MBone 
sessions via SDR (or the WWW page with a simple plug-in).  For additional 
information about the MBone see http://mbone.com.

The big challenge this time around was to digitally record all of
the sessions.  That went almost flawlessly.  A big thanks go to Evi
Nemeth and the MBone support staff for helping out.  Now, instead of
having to convert everything from VHS tape to rtpdump format we were
able to record everything straight to rtpdump format.  Notice the
quick turnaround time...  sessions are now available within days
after actually occuring.  The one interesting challenge is that I 
don't want to replay all the RTCP data in those files...  well, 
because those people and their reported losses, etc. aren't really 
part of the session.  I modified the rtpplay script to not play back 
any RTCP from the file but this also includes RTCP packets about the 
source...  so the IMJ source does not resolve to a name.  A subtle 
artifact, but something to work on for next time.

For the record, the plan is to have the last 3 sets of IETF meetings
archived on the MBone.  We've got the last three available now:
40th, 41st, and 42nd.  Future plans in regard to content include
making talks from conferences available as well.  I'm working on some
angles here.

Also, A NEW SERVICE has been started for those who want access to the 
source files themselves.  The latest batch of IETF files are available
at ftp://FTP.cc.gatech.edu/pub/people/kevin/.  Please be gentle on the
ftp server since these files are around 100 MB for video and 40 MB for
audio.

And finally, one interesting characteristic of the IMJ that most of
you won't notice but is interesting is that we now have three servers
on the back end of the IMJ.  There are two servers at Georgia Tech
and one at UCSB.  The exact location of playout will depend on the
request and where the content is located.  There is no duplication
of content, and this "distributed playout" system was implemented
as a first step of a new project and because we ran out of disk space
at Georgia Tech.

Finally, and as usual, I've included the original IMJ e-mail announcement 
for those who want additional information about the IMJ.

Any suggestions for improvement are welcome.

-Kevin

****
              Announcing the Interactive Multimedia Jukebox


   At one point on the MBone list there was a discussion of what on-demand
servers exist or are being developed.  Well, I'd like to announce our 
version called the Interactive Multimedia Jukebox (IMJ).

  The IMJ web page is a request and scheduling interface for the playout 
of content over the MBone.  CONTENT IS ENCODED SO THAT IT CAN BE RECEIVED
WITH THE LATEST VERSIONS OF VIC AND VAT (ANY PLATFORM).  Also check out
mcontrol (http://imj.ucsb.edu/mcontrol/) a new MBone VCR tool for
real-time broadcasts written in Java.  A parallel effort, called PicPat,
uses Tcl/Tk (http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Mostafa.Ammar/picpat/).

   The IMJ page is located at http://imj.gatech.edu.  Information about 
the IMJ including general info, a postscript version of a paper about the 
IMJ, how-to-use information, and how it was implemented can be found at 
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/computing/Telecomm/IMJ/.  (Recent note:  the
paper will be appearing in the WWW7 conference in Brisbane, Australia)

   Some quick additional information about the IMJ is included below:


IMJ Audio/Video
-----------------
   The IMJ uses the WWW to submit requests which are then scheduled
for playout on the MBone.  Right now we are offering three channels:
Channels 1 and 2 are being broadcast at a TTL of 127.  Channel 3 is
for internal testing and has a a TTL of 15.  Each channel provides 
DVI-2 audio and 128 Kbps H.261 video.  The encoding was done using 
Henning Schulzrinne's rtpplay and rtpdump.

Scheduling
----------
   Program scheduling uses a set of criteria to decide on which channel
to schedule a program.  The current set of criteria are listed just
below the interactive schedule.  We are exploring lots of different
options.

Content
-------
   We have been working on the jukebox paradigm with Turner Broadcasting,
and as a result of their interest they have agreed to let us broadcast
content on the MBone.  I am particularly excited about this aspect because
of their help and interest in investigating new applications on the Internet.

   The plan is to add a new set of content about every two weeks.  When this 
happens, the old content will be moved to the secondary request menu for two 
weeks.  The old-old stuff will be removed.  Hopefully I'll be able to 
advertise on the MBone list when the new stuff is available.

Development Platform
--------------------
   As is mentioned in the paper on the IMJ information page we are using
the IMJ as a platform for a variety of research issues including
providing interactivity, supporting multiple heterogeneous streams,
video server organization, tracking usage, program scheduling, and
pricing.

Acknowledgments
----------------
   In addition to Turner Broadcasting, several other groups have made the
IMJ possible.  The GT Broadband Telecommunications Center sponsored much 
of the research and some of the equipment, and GT Office of Information 
Technology offered technical assistance and additional equipment.


Please send any feedback or suggestions to almeroth@cs.ucsb.edu or
kevin@cc.gatech.edu.




From rem-conf Fri Aug 28 01:08:37 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 28 01:08:36 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zCJTr-00071m-00; Fri, 28 Aug 1998 01:01:59 -0700
Received: from dxmint.cern.ch [137.138.26.76] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zCJTp-0006qO-00; Fri, 28 Aug 1998 01:01:58 -0700
Received: from dxcoms.cern.ch (dxcoms.cern.ch [137.138.28.176])
	by dxmint.cern.ch (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id JAA15834;
	Fri, 28 Aug 1998 09:57:05 +0200 (MET DST)
Received: from localhost by dxcoms.cern.ch (5.65v4.0/1.1.10.5/15Nov97-1020AM)
	id AA22125; Fri, 28 Aug 1998 09:57:04 +0200
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1998 09:57:04 +0200 (MET DST)
From: Martin Fluckiger <Martin.Fluckiger@cern.ch>
To: rem-conf@es.net, hepnet-l@slacvm.slac.stanford.edu, HRC@in2p3.fr,
        htasc@listbox.cern.ch, net-teleconferencing@listbox.cern.ch
Cc: Martin Fluckiger <fle@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: MBone broadcast of the LHCC session on 3rd Sept.
Message-Id: <Pine.OSF.3.95.980828095415.21605A-100000@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

	  CERN is pleased to announce the MBONE broadcast of the

		 LARGE HADRON COLLIDER COMMITTEE Session
		 ---------------------------------------

		      on Thursday 3rd of September
		      from the CERN Main Auditorium

OPEN SESSION:

 9.00 -  9.10 	Status of the LHC project (C. Llewellyn Smith)

 9.15 - 10.00	ALICE status report (J. Schukraft)

10.15 - 10.45	COFFEE BREAK

10.45 - 11.30	ALICE HMPID TDR (G. Paic, F. Piuz)

The broadcast is announced via sdr as "CERN LHCC". vat and vic applications
will be used with a ttl of 127.

The sessions will also be recorded using the wrtp application. They can be
downloaded from our vod server:
http://sunmed2.cern.ch/cgi-bin/nph-MBone-sessions/

In case of questions or problems please contact: multicast@noc.cern.ch

This message is sent to distribution lists, sorry if you receive multiple
copies of it.

Best regards,
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Martin Fluckiger & Christian Isnard                  CERN - IT/CS/EN
multicast@noc.cern.ch       European Laboratory for Particle Physics
Computers and Networks division      CH-1211 Geneva 23 - Switzerland




From rem-conf Fri Aug 28 02:56:07 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Fri Aug 28 02:56:06 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zCLDe-0000hd-00; Fri, 28 Aug 1998 02:53:22 -0700
Received: from network2.cs.usm.my [161.142.8.104] (sunthar)
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zCLDc-0000hT-00; Fri, 28 Aug 1998 02:53:20 -0700
Received: from localhost (sunthar@localhost)
	by network2.cs.usm.my (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id RAA03462
	for <rem-conf@es.net>; Fri, 28 Aug 1998 17:53:37 +0800
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1998 17:53:37 +0800 (MYT)
From: "S.Sunthar" <sunthar@network2.cs.usm.my>
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: unsubcribe
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.96.980828175306.3460A-100000@network2.cs.usm.my>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list


unsubcribe




From rem-conf Sat Aug 29 12:40:23 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sat Aug 29 12:40:22 1998
Received: from list by mail2.es.net with local (Exim 1.92 #1)
	for rem-conf-dist@es.net
	id 0zCqeZ-0005TU-00; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 12:27:15 -0700
Received: from stn-on2-174.netcom.ca ([207.181.100.174] helo=mgajcvvcpsy)
	by mail2.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.92 #1)
	id 0zCqeX-0005T7-00; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 12:27:13 -0700
DATE: Tue, 08 Sep 1998 15:25:23 -0500
Message-ID: <prphbddxanwbdhdl>
Subject: 99 Toyotas as low as 2% over invoice
From:     accutone@bellsouth.net
To:     $user@fuyi.es.net
Reply-To:  accutone@bellsouth.net
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Please accept our appologies for your inconvenience if you are
not interested in this e-mail offer. If you are interested in a new 99'
toyota car, truck, or van at prices as low as 2% over invoice
on selected models and/or huge savings on pre-owned certified toyotas
as well as 100's of other pre-owned vehicles of all makes and models
below kelly blue book, please respond with your name, phone #,
e-mail address and the specific model you are interested in. We thank you for your
time. please accept our appologies for the intrusion and de-select
yourself from our mailing list if not interested. Thank you.  
                




From rem-conf Sun Aug 30 23:46:09 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Sun Aug 30 23:46:09 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zDNR8-0000f2-00; Sun, 30 Aug 1998 23:27:34 -0700
Received: from nscolmar.colmar.uha.fr [194.167.108.34] 
	by mail1.es.net with smtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zDNQZ-0000ec-00; Sun, 30 Aug 1998 23:27:04 -0700
Received: by nscolmar.colmar.uha.fr; (5.65v3.2/1.3/10May95) id AA14891; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 08:16:24 +0200
Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19980831083049.00798770@colmar.colmar.uha.fr>
X-Sender: conf@colmar.colmar.uha.fr
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 1998 08:30:49 +0200
To: conf@colmar.colmar.uha.fr
From: conf@colmar.uha.fr (by way of conf@colmar.colmar.uha.fr)
Subject: Call for papers of ICATM'99
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list

Dear Colleague,

We have enclosed the CFP for ICATM'99 below. Please feel free to circulate
the CFP to interested colleagues. Please accept our sincere apologies if
you receive multiple copies of this CFP.

Best regards,
__________________________________________________________________________

				PRELIMINARY CALL FOR PAPERS 

				2nd International IEEE Conference on ATM
					ICATM'99
				June 21-23, 1999 - Colmar, France



GENERAL INFORMATION

ICATM'99 is organized by academic, research and
industrial societies will be held at the Technical Institute, Colmar, part
of the University of Haute Alsace, France, from Monday June 21, 1999 to
Wednesday June 23, 1999. The city of Colmar is ideally situated in the
eastern part of France, near the German and Swiss borders. The city of
Colmar has been working on its own Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) project,
called OASICE, including LAN interconnection, PBX interconnection and
interactive video. An exhibition illustrating these topics will be
organized for industrial companies and development research institutes.
In order to encourage closer interaction between academic and industrial
ATM research communities, we solicit both academic research papers and
industrial contributions. 

TOPICS OF SPECIAL INTEREST

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to the following:

MPOA							
LAN Emulation						
IP over ATM, IPv6 over ATM				
VLANs							
High-Speed Routing					
I-PNNI						
NHRP						
Java, Tina, Corba architectures			
Interconnection					
CTI (Computer Telephony Integration)		
IP Switching, MPLS, Tag Switching, Fast IP, Aris ...
Multicast ATM and Internet/Intranet
Wireless ATM (LEO, MEO, GEO, from GSM to UMTS and IMT2000, Hyperlan2, ...)
IP and ATM over xDSL
Security
IP and ATM Telephony
Video (Davic, ...)
Practical experiences results
User applications
QoS 
WDM
Scheduling 
Resource allocation


These topics can be discussed in term of concepts, state of the art,
standards, implementations, performance, security and confidentiality,
traffic management, running experiments, QoS (Quality of Service) and
applications.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS

Mail four papers versions of a 2000-word extended abstract summarizing an
original work. All the manuscripts must be written in English. The top of
the first page of each paper should include the title of the paper,
authors' name, position, address, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail of the
author responsible for correspondence and a list of four keywords. The
deadline for submission of all extended abstracts is December 10, 1998 with
notification of acceptance by February 10, 1999. Submission of camera-ready
paper is by March 30, 1999.
Authors of accepted papers will be invited to submit full-length
manuscripts for inclusion in the proceedings. 
All submitted papers should be sent to the following address:

Pascal LORENZ
University of Haute Alsace
IUT - Department GTR
34 rue du Grillenbreit
68008 Colmar, France
Phone: 33 (0)389202366    Fax: 33 (0)389202359    Mobile: 33 (0)603658042
E-mail: lorenz@colmar.uha.fr

Check our Web page at http://iutsun1.colmar.uha.fr/ICATM99.html for the
latest information concerning the conference.

Best papers will be forwarded for consideration in a special issue of the
journal Telecommunication Systems published  by Baltzer Science Publishers.

TUTORIALS AND WORKSHOPS

Tutorials and workshops provide overviews of current high interest topics.
Proposals for half of full day tutorials are due by December 10, 1999.

ORGANIZATION OF ICATM'99

International Advisory Committee: 

R. Addie (Australia) - University of Southern Queensland
K. Begain (Jordan) - Mu'tah University
B. Bing (Singapore) - Ngee Ann Polyechnic	
D. Bonjour (France) - CNET 
A. Brandwajn (USA) - University of California Santa Cruz
J.P. Coudreuse (France) - Mitsubishi
J. Crowcroft (UK) - University College London
B. Gavish (USA) - Vanderbilt University
J. Halpern (USA) - Newbridge
R. Israel (France) - IEEE
S. Komandur (USA) - Ascend Communications
D. Kouvatsos (UK) - University of Bradford
S. Kumar (USA) - Ericsson
F. Le Faucheur (France) - Cisco
P. Lorenz (France) - University of Haute Alsace
J.J. Pansiot (France) - University of Strasbourg
M. Potts (Switzerland) - Martel
Z. Mammeri (France) - University of Le Havre
S. Moyer (USA) - Bellcore
R. Muraine (France) - Newbridge
G. Pujolle (France) - University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin
S. Rao (Switzerland) - Ascom
A. Reid (UK) - British Telecom
S. Ritzenthaler (France) - Newbridge
P. Rolin (France) - ENST Bretagne
R. Saracco (Italy) - CSELT
G. Swallow (USA) - Cisco
H. Tobiet (France) - Clemessy
V.A. Villagra (Spain) - University of Madrid
E. Vazquez Gallo (Spain) - University of Madrid


IMPORTANT DATES

Extended Abstract due: December 10, 1998
Notification of acceptance: February 10, 1999
Deadline for full-length camera-ready manuscript: March 30, 1999






From rem-conf Mon Aug 31 08:24:15 1998 
From rem-conf-request@es.net Mon Aug 31 08:24:14 1998
Received: from list by mail1.es.net with local (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zDVhN-0004uB-00; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 08:16:53 -0700
Received: from rolex.csc.ncsu.edu [152.1.213.197] 
	by mail1.es.net with esmtp (Exim 1.81 #2)
	id 0zDVhL-0004tz-00; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 08:16:51 -0700
Received: (from rhee@localhost)
          by rolex.csc.ncsu.edu (8.8.4/UC02Jan97)
	  id LAA02870 for rem-conf@es.net; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 11:16:49 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 1998 11:16:49 -0400 (EDT)
From: rhee@eos.ncsu.edu
Message-Id: <199808311516.LAA02870@rolex.csc.ncsu.edu>
To: rem-conf@es.net
Subject: CFP for Internet Computing
X-Mailing-List: <rem-conf@es.net> 
X-Loop: rem-conf@es.net
Precedence: list



Call for Papers
IEEE Internet Computing  (http://www.computer.org/internet)
-----------------------------------------------------------

Special Issue on Multimedia and Collaborative Computing over
the Internet (March/April 1999).
------------------------------------------------------------

Submission deadline: 31 October 1998

Guest Editor: Injong Rhee
              Department of Computer Science
              North Carolina State University 
              Raleigh, NC 27695-7534
              Phone: 919-515-3305
              Fax: 919-515-7925
              WWW: www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/rhee
              email: rhee@csc.ncsu.edu
              

The Internet is evolving to bring an integrated communication 
service supporting data, voice, and video to classrooms, workplaces, 
and homes. Using this enabling network infrastructure, novel 
computer-supported collaboration technologies are emerging to allow
geographically dispersed groups of co-workers to conduct a range of
work-related activities. This special issue covers these emerging 
technologies for Internet-based multimedia collaboration. 

Topics of interest for technical papers include:

* long-distance collaboration tools, application-sharing tools,
* user interface design for CSCW applications
* synchronous and asynchronous collaboration techniques, 
* real-time multimedia delivery,
* operating systems and network support for real-time collaboration, 
* techniques for handling user migration,
* comparative studies of existing collaboration tools and technologies,
* security and authentication methods for distributed collaboration,
* algorithms for synchronization among multiple users in collaboration sessions,
* multicast techniques for collaboration involving many participants,
* techniques for handling heterogeneous user environments. 

We are especially interested in research papers that describe real Internet
experiments using developed collaboration technologies. Work-in-progress
papers describing the state of on-going research projects in multimedia
collaboration are also encouraged. 

Papers should explicate the technical issues related to the Internet. Research
papers should demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and describe 
the state of realization. Case studies and applied papers should discuss 
the key factors that made the system work and should also mention the 
pitfalls and problems encountered and how they may be overcome. 

Paper should explicate the technical issues related to the Internet. 
Research papers should demonstrate the feasibility of the approach
and describe the state of realization. Case studies and applied
papers should discuss the key factors that made the system work
and should also mention the pitfalls and problems encountered
and how they may be overcome. 

Submission, Approval, Review, and Acceptance. 
---------------------------------------------
The submission process for IC differs from other IEEE Computer
Society publications. Authors should send e-mail to a member of the 
IC Editorial Board (rhee@csc.ncsu.edu), giving a URL where the editor 
can review the article, preferably in HTML format with GIF 
artwork (postscript or pdf format is also accepted). 

Upon approval by a member of the Editorial Board, all feature 
articles will then undergo a technical peer review
consistent with other archival publications. Articles for review 
should be in HTML or a common format easily read by
reviewers. Authors will send all files to an anonymous ftp site 
provided by the IC managing editor in the Computer
Society's publications office. When an article consists of a 
collection of HTML and GIF files, all internal links pointing to 
this file should be relative. 

More information about submission guideline can be found in 
http://www.computer.org/internet/edguide.htm








